基于停车视距的强降雨环境下公路车辆制动安全可靠性研究  

Study on Braking Safety Reliability of Highway Vehicles in Heavy Rainfall Environment Based on Stopping Sight Distance

作　　者：盛旭高 于梦阁[1] 霍炜[1] SHENG Xu-gao;YU Meng-ge;HUO Wei(School of Electromechanic Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第1期227-235,共9页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51705267);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M630750)。

摘　　要：基于停车视距及可靠性理论,研究强降雨环境下公路车辆制动安全可靠性。从运动学原理出发,对AASHTO停车视距模型进行改进,并建立了强降雨环境下公路车辆制动安全可靠性模型。将车速、降雨强度和思索时间作为随机变量,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法研究不同降雨强度、不同车速下公路车辆的制动安全可靠性及可靠性灵敏度。结果表明:改进AASHTO模型与原始AASHTO模型相比,停车视距计算值偏大,且差值随着车速的增大而增大;车速的变化对停车视距的波动程度影响较大,降雨强度的变化对停车视距的波动程度影响较小;利用确定性方法计算的雨天行车安全限速值偏于危险,基于可靠性方法可得到更为合理的雨天行车安全限速值;失效概率对随机变量均值的灵敏度存在一个极大值,失效概率对车速均值灵敏度和对思索时间均值灵敏度的极大值均随着降雨强度的增大而增大,对降雨强度均值灵敏度的极大值随着降雨强度的增大而减小;失效概率对随机变量标准差的灵敏度存在一个极大值和一个极小值,失效概率对车速标准差灵敏度和对思索时间标准差灵敏度的极大值及极小值的绝对值均随着降雨强度的增大而增大,对降雨强度标准差灵敏度的极大值及极小值的绝对值均随着降雨强度的增大而减小。Based on the stopping sight distance and reliability theory, the braking safety reliability of road vehicles in heavy rainfall environment is studied. Starting from the principles of kinematics, the AASHTO model is improved, and the vehicle braking safety reliability model in heavy rainfall environment is established. Taking the vehicle speed, rainfall intensity and thinking time as random variables, the braking safety reliability and reliability sensitivity of road vehicles with different rainfall intensities and different vehicle speeds are researched by using Monte Carlo method. The result shows that(1) Compared with the original AASHTO model, the stopping sight distance calculation value obtained by the improved AASHTO model is larger and the difference value increases with the increase of vehicle speed.(2) the change of vehicle speed has great influence on the fluctuation degree of stopping sight distance, while the change of rainfall intensity has little influence on the fluctuation degree of stopping sight distance.(3) The safety speed limit in rainy days calculated by the deterministic method is dangerous, while more reasonable safety speed limit in rainy days can be obtained based on the reliability method.(4) There is a maximum value of the sensitivity of failure probability to the mean random variables. The maximum values of the sensitivity of failure probability to the mean vehicle speed and the sensitivity to the mean thinking time increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, while and the maximum value of the sensitivity to the mean rainfall intensity decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity.(5) There is a maximum value and a minimum of the sensitivity of failure probability to the standard deviation of random variable. The absolute values of the maximum and minimum of the sensitivity of the failure probability to the standard deviation of vehicle speed and the standard deviation of thinking time increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, while the absolute values of the maximum

关 键 词：汽车工程 可靠性 蒙特卡罗方法 停车视距 灵敏度 

分 类 号：U491.4[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]