云南山茶主要病害及抗病性分析  

Analysis of Main Diseases and Disease Resistance of Camellia reticulata

作　　者：普梅英 王超[1] 武自强[1] 张诗文 顾菊 崔雨丝 PU Meiying;WANG Chao;WU Ziqiang;ZHANG Shiwen;GU Ju;CUI Yusi(Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization,Yunnan Province Forest Disaster Early Warning and Control Laboratory,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心,云南省功能性花卉资源及产业化技术工程研究中心,云南省森林灾害预警与控制实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2023年第1期28-35,共8页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2019YFD1001005);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021Y259、2021J0172);西南山地森林保育与利用教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(KLESWFU-202005);国家基础科学公共科学数据中心“世界山茶属植物品种数据库”(NBSDC-DB-03)。

摘　　要：云南山茶(Camellia reticulata Lindl)是云南地方特色花卉,为了解和预防昆明市区云南山茶病害,选取昆明市3个山茶集中种植观赏园(中科院昆明植物园、金殿风景名胜区、丰泽源植物园)进行病害实地调查和病症比对鉴定。调查统计结果显示,3个调查地点各园病害发生的严重程度从高到低依次为:花腐病>花叶病>炭疽病>枝枯病>煤污病;危害最重的花腐病在3个调查地点均大面积发生(中科院昆明植物园77.93%>丰泽园植物园66.67%>金殿风景名胜区62.74%)。调查统计分析发现,云南山茶品种‘童子面’对花腐病的感染指数最低,为4.44%,可作为花腐病抗病性较好的品种进行选育;品种‘雪娇’‘靖安茶’对炭疽病的感染指数较低,分别为1.25%、1.67%,可作为炭疽病抗病品种;各品种对枝枯病感染指数均较低;品种‘童子面’对花叶病的感染指数最低,为2.78%;仅发现1株‘靖安茶’发生煤污病,其感染指数为6.25%。研究结果将为昆明地区云南山茶的病害防治及栽培品种种植配置提供一定依据。Camellia reticulata Lindl is a local flower in Yunnan.In order to understand and prevent the disease of Camellia reticulata in Kunming urban area,this paper selected three ornamental gardens(Kunming Botanical Garden,Jindian Scenic Area,Fengzeyuan Botanical Garden)to carry out disease field investigation and disease comparison identification.The survey results showed that the severity of each disease occurred from high to low:petal blight disease>mosaic disease>anthrax>shoot blight>sooty blotch;the most harmful petal blight disease occurred in three investigation parks(Kunming Botanical Garden 77.93%>Fengzeyuan Botanical Garden 66.67%>Jindian Scenic Area 62.74%).Survey and statistics of the varieties showed that Camellia reticulata‘Tongzimian’was a a good variety resistant to petal blight with the lowest infection index of 4.44%;Camellia reticulata‘Xuejiao’‘Jingancha’were better varieties resistant to anthrax,with lower infection index of 1.25%and 1.67%,respectively;all varieties of shoot blight infection index was lower;Camellia reticulata‘Tongzimian’for mosaic disease resistance were strong,with the infection index of 2.78%;only one Camellia reticulata‘Jingancha’was found to have sooty blotch,with the infection index of 6.25%.The results of the study will provide some basis for the disease prevention and control of Camellia reticulata and the allocation of cultivated varieties in Kunming area.

关 键 词：云南山茶 品种 病害 抗病性 花腐病 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学] S685.14[农业科学—林学]