弱筋小麦育种品质选择指标及亲本组配原则  

Quality selection indices and parent combination principle of weak-gluten wheat

作　　者：张晓[1] 陆成彬[1] 江伟[1] 张勇[1] 吕国锋[1] 吴宏亚[1] 王朝顺[1] 李曼[1] 吴素兰[1] 高德荣[1,2] ZHANG Xiao;LU Cheng-Bin;JIANG Wei;ZHANG Yong;LYU Guo-Feng;WU Hong-Ya;WANG Chao-Shun;LI Man;WU Su-Lan;GAO De-Rong(Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low&Middle Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou 225007,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007 [2]扬州大学/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第5期1282-1291,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071999);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021335);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]006);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-8)资助。

摘　　要：为明确弱筋小麦育种高效品质选择指标以及亲本组配原则,本研究选用7个不同品质类型品种作亲本,按7×6半双列杂交配制21个组合,对F2籽粒主要品质指标进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同品质指标的一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)差异极显著,其中硬度、SDS沉淀值和溶剂保持力(solvent retention capacity,SRC)效应值大,蛋白质含量和面筋含量效应值较小;不同品质指标的特殊配合力(special combining ability,SCA)除蛋白质含量、沉淀值、蔗糖SRC和面筋指数无显著差异,其余均存在显著或极显著差异;硬度、SDS沉淀值和SRC一般配合力远大于特殊配合力,以加性效应的遗传为主。弱筋小麦品质指标一般配合力负向效应显著;中强筋小麦品质指标一般配合力正向效应显著。硬度、SDS沉淀值、水SRC和碳酸钠SRC,狭义遗传力分别为91.23%、82.66%、83.81%和83.96%,遗传力高,可在早期世代进行选择;其次是乳酸SRC和蔗糖SRC,狭义遗传力分别为72.79%和75.26%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和面筋指数,狭义遗传力分别为30.72%、25.62%、32.62%和49.82%,遗传力较低。对不同组合高代品系品质分析表明,弱筋/弱筋小麦组合后代籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、SDS沉淀值和SRC等品质指标最低,弱筋/强筋小麦组合居中,强筋/强筋小麦和中筋/强筋小麦组合最高。硬度、SDS沉淀值、水SRC和碳酸钠SRC是弱筋小麦品质育种的高效选择指标;弱筋小麦品质育种亲本组配,至少要有一个弱筋品质类型的亲本。To identify the efficient indices of quality selection and the principle of parent combination for weak-gluten wheat, a 7×6 diallel crossing of Griffing II analysis involving 21 combinations of seven wheat varieties with different quality types was performed, and genetic analyses of the quality indices of F2 kernels was carried out. The results showed there were extremely significant differences in general combining ability(GCA) of the quality indices. The effect values of GCA of hardness, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) sedimentation value, and solvent retention capacity(SRC) were relatively higher, while those of GCA of protein content and gluten content were relatively lower. Meanwhile, significant or extremely significant differences in special combining ability(SCA) of the quality indices were observed, except for protein content, SDS sedimentation value, sucrose SRC,and gluten index. Hardness, SDS sedimentation value, and SRC had the high general combining ability, indicating that additive effect was dominant. The negative GCA effects of weak-gluten wheat and the positive GCA effects of mid-gluten and strong-gluten wheat were significant. The narrow heritability of hardness, SDS sedimentation value, water SRC, and sodium carbonate SRC was as high as 91.23%, 82.66%, 83.81%, and 83.96%, respectively, indicating that they could be strictly screened in the early generations. The narrow heritability of lactic acid SRC and sucrose SRC was 72.79% and 75.26%, respectively. The narrow heritability of protein content, wet gluten content, dry gluten content, and gluten index was as low as 30.72%, 25.62%,32.62%, and 49.82%, respectively. The quality analysis of high generation lines in different combinations revealed that grain hardness, protein content, SDS sedimentation value, SRC, and other quality indices of the descendant of weak-gluten/weak-gluten wheat combinations were the lowest, followed by those of the weak-gluten/strong-gluten wheat combinations, while those of the strong-gluten/strong-gluten and medium-gluten

关 键 词：弱筋小麦 品质选择 亲本组配 配合力 遗传 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]