长三角水稻-油菜周年两熟温光资源分配与利用特征  

Characteristics of heat and solar resources allocation and utilization in riceoilseed rape double cropping systems in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：陶玥玥[1] 盛雪雯 徐坚 沈园 王海候[1] 陆长婴[1] 沈明星[1] TAO Yue-Yue;SHENG Xue-Wen;XU Jian;SHEN Yuan;WANG Hai-Hou;LU Chang-Ying;SHEN Ming-Xing(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District/National Soil Quality Observation and Experimental Station in Xiangcheng,Suzhou 215155,Jiangsu,China;Taicang Donglin Professional Cooperatives,Taicang 215400,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Suzhou 215155,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所/国家土壤质量相城观测实验站,江苏苏州215155 [2]太仓东林农场专业合作社,江苏苏州215400 [3]苏州市农业技术推广中心,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第5期1327-1338,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX21(3097));国家自然科学基金项目(32101854);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300207)资助。

摘　　要：为提升长江流域水稻-油菜周年产量潜力和资源利用效率,2017—2021年于江苏苏州布置田间定位试验,以中熟晚粳水稻-垄作摆栽油菜传统模式为对照,对比研究了新型迟熟中粳水稻-直播油菜模式干物质产量、水稻籽粒产量、温光资源分配和利用特征及经济效益。结果表明,与常规模式相比,新型模式油菜季温和光生产效率分别显著提高了24.1%和20.6%,水稻季温、光生产效率无显著变化。新型模式下油菜干物质产量显著提高了18.2%,但水稻籽粒和干物质产量分别显著下降了17.6%和15.5%。常规模式中水稻和油菜两季积温分配率分别为63.9%和36.1%,积温比值为1.77;新型模式周年积温量减少588℃,其中水稻积温减少483℃,油菜季周年积温分配率增加了1.8%,两季积温比值下降为1.64。新型模式较常规模式增加周年效益31.4%,提高油菜种植效益2.2倍,而降低水稻种植效益17.4%。由此,以迟熟中粳水稻搭配后季直播油菜新型模式,可显著提高了油菜季产量、温光生产效率与经济效益,提升周年种植效益。在兼顾粮饲安全和经济效益的前提下,新型水稻-油菜模式可作为长期单一化水稻、油菜或小麦两熟制轮作模式之一。To improve annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice-oilseed rape systems in the Yangtze River Delta,a field experiment of two cropping systems,namely innovated system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing oilseed rape(Rs-Ods) and traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting oilseed rape(Rl-Ofrpp),was conducted at Suzhou,Jiangsu,China,from 2017 to 2021.The annual dry matter yield,rice grain yield,distribution and utilization efficiency of heat and solar climatic resources as well as the economic benefit were compared between two cropping systems.The results showed that,compared with the conventional system,the new system significantly improved the accumulated temperature production efficiency by 24.1%and light energy production efficiency by 20.6%of the oilseed rape season,while there was no significant difference in rice season.In the new system,the dry matter yield of rapeseed was significantly increased by 18.2%whereas the rice grain and dry matter yield were significantly decreased by 17.6%and 15.5%,respectively.In the traditional system,with the rate of accumulated temperature between two seasons of 1.77,the accumulative temperature distribution rate was 63.9%in rice season and 36.1%in oilseed rape season,respectively.The annual accumulative temperature of the new system decreased by 588℃,among which the accumulated temperature of rice decreased by 483℃.The accumulative temperature distribution rate in oilseed rape season was increased by 1.8%,and the ratio of accumulated temperature between the two seasons decreased to 1.64.Compared to the traditional system,the new system increased the annual economic benefit by 31.4%,increased the rape planting benefit by 2.2 times and decreased the rice growing economic benefit by 17.4%.In conclusion,the new cropping system,late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing oilseed rape forage,significantly improved the yield,accumulated temperature and radiation production

关 键 词：长江流域 水稻–油菜两熟 籽粒产量 干物质产量 温光资源分配 资源利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S565.4