硅素穗肥优化滨海盐碱地水稻矿质元素吸收分配提高耐盐性  

Panicle silicon fertilizer optimizes the absorption and distribution of mineral elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal saline-alkali soil to improve salt tolerance

作　　者：韦海敏 陶伟科 周燕[1,2] 闫飞宇 李伟玮 丁艳锋[1,2] 刘正辉[1,2] 李刚华[1,2] WEI Hai-Min;TAO Wei-Ke;ZHOU Yan;YAN Fei-Yu;LI Wei-Wei;DING Yan-Feng;LIU Zheng-Hui;LI Gang-Hua(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第5期1339-1349,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021361,BE2019377)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在阐明硅素穗肥调控盐碱地水稻抽穗期矿质元素分配的作用机制。以常规粳稻淮稻5号为材料,于2019年和2020年在江苏沿海大丰盐碱地(盐分3.4 g kg^(–1),p H 8.3)开展大田试验,设置3个硅肥用量(0、60和100 kg hm^(–2)),于幼穗分化期随穗肥施入。结果表明:(1)硅素穗肥促进抽穗期植株养分吸收,提高成熟期干物质量和产量,与Si0相比,Si60平均增产4.3%,Si100平均增产8.6%;(2)硅素穗肥优化了水稻不同部位K^(+)、Na^(+)分配,提高水稻叶片、上部叶鞘、中下部茎秆K^(+)含量,降低穗、上部叶片、叶鞘、茎秆Na^(+)含量,提高各部位的K^(+)/Na^(+),进而提高离子稳态;(3)硅素穗肥促进叶片大量元素N、P、Ca、Mg和微量元素Fe、Mn的积累,与Si0相比,硅素穗肥显著提高了16.5%的P含量、18.5%的Mg含量、22.4%的Ca含量、19.8%的Fe含量,缓解盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片的不利影响。综上所述,硅素穗肥优化了盐碱胁迫下水稻矿质元素的吸收分配,减轻幼嫩器官盐胁迫程度,促进叶片多种有益元素积累,促进水稻养分吸收,且100 kg hm^(–2)效果最佳。This purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of silicon fertilizer on mineral element distribution at heading stage in rice.In this study,a field experiment was carried out in the coastal beach saline-alkali of Jiangsu Province(3.4 g kg^(–1)soil salinity,p H 8.3) .The conventional japonica rice(Huaidao 5) was used as the material,and three silicon fertilizer amounts(0,60and 100 kg hm^(–2)) were applied with panicle fertilizer at panicle initiation stage.The results showed that:(1) Silicon panicle fertilizer promoted plant nutrient absorption at heading stage,increased dry matter accumulation at mature stage,and increased yield,Si60 increased by 4.3%on average,Si100 increased by 8.6%on average.(2) Silicon panicle fertilizer optimized the distribution of K^(+)and Na^(+)in rice at heading stage.Silicon increase K^(+)content in leaves,upper sheaths and lower stems of rice,decreased Na^(+)content in panicles,upper leaves,sheaths and stems,and increased the K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio in various tissues,thus improving ion homeostasis of rice.(3) Silicon panicle fertilizer promoted the accumulation of N,P,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Mn in leaves.Compare with Si0,the average increase of the two silicon treatments was 16.5%in P,18.5%in Mg,22.4%in Ca and 19.8%in Fe,and alleviated the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on rice leaves.In summary,silicon panicle fertilizer optimizes the absorption and distribution of mineral elements in rice,reduced salt stress in young organs,promoted the accumulation of beneficial elements in leaves,improved nutrient absorption of rice,and the effect of 100 kg hm-2was better.

关 键 词：水稻 盐碱地 硅肥 矿质营养 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S156.45