花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米光合特性与产量的影响  

Effects of drought stress before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize after re-watering

作　　者：张俊杰 陈金平 汤钰镂 张锐 曹红章 王丽娟 马梦金 王浩 王泳超 郭家萌 KRISHNA SV Jagadish 杨青华 邵瑞鑫 ZHANG Jun-Jie;CHEN Jin-Ping;TANG Yu-Lou;ZHANG Rui;CAO Hong-Zhang;WANG Li-Juan;MA Meng-Jin;WANG Hao;WANG Yong-Chao;GUO Jia-Meng;KRISHNA SV Jagadish;YANG Qing-Hua;SHAO Rui-Xin(Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development,Ministry of Education,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu Agricultural Ecology,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China;Henan Province Agricultural Technology Extension General Station,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Department of Plant and Soil Science,Texas Tech University,Lubbock 79410,Texas,USA)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘476000 [3]河南省农业技术推广总站,河南郑州450046 [4]德克萨斯州立大学植物与土壤科学系,美国德克萨斯州拉巴克79410

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第5期1397-1409,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(20HASTIT036);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2021YFD1901002-8);中原英才计划——中原青年拔尖人才项目资助。

摘　　要：花期前后干旱是影响黄淮海地区夏玉米产量下降的重要因素之一。于2020—2021年开展池栽控制性试验,以中科玉505为试验材料,在开花前后28 d内设置4个水分梯度,包括100%作物蒸散量ET_(C) (CK)、70%ET_(C) (干旱胁迫WD1)、40%ET_(C) (WD2)和0 ET_(C) (WD3),研究花期前后干旱胁迫对夏玉米复水后的光合特性、干物质积累与分配以及产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫处理复水后夏玉米光合性能没有恢复,表现为叶片SPAD值、净光合速率和群体叶面积指数、光合势、净同化速率低于对照,植株干物质积累因此受阻,导致籽粒库容能力下降。干旱胁迫处理使开花吐丝间隔期延长1~3 d,籽粒败育率增加,行粒数和百粒重降低,尤其是WD3的败育率在2020—2021年分别显著增加220.71%和100.73%,WD1、WD2和WD3的产量在2020—2021年分别减产14.52%、36.69%、39.83%和19.62%、45.18%、54.42%。综上所述,花期前后干旱胁迫在复水后,玉米的光合性能仍受到抑制,进而影响光合同化物的积累与分配,最终导致库容量和产量显著下降。Drought before and after anthesis is one of the important factors affecting the decrease of summer maize yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region. From 2020 to 2021, a pool planting control experiment was carried out. To study the effect of regulated deficit irrigation before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield of summer maize after re-watering, four water gradients were set within 28 days before and after anthesis, including 100% Eapotranspiration(ETc) (CK), 70% ET_(C)(Water deficit, WD1), 40% ET_(C)(WD2), and 0 ET_(C)(WD3) using Zhongkeyu 505as the test materials. The result showed that the photosynthetic performance of summer maize leaves did not recover after re-watering under drought stress. The SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, population leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, resulting in the decrease of grain storage capacity. Drought stress prolonged the anthesis-silking interval for 1–3 day(s), increased the seed abortion rate, and decreased the grain number per row and 100-seed weight after re-watering, especially the seed abortion rate in WD3 was significantly increased by 220.71% and 100.73% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The yield of WD1, WD2, WD3was decreased by 14.52%, 36.69%, 39.83% and 19.62%, 45.18%, 54.42% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In conclusion, after re-watering under water deficit before and after anthesis, the photosynthetic performance of maize was still inhibited, which further affected the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates, and ultimately leading to a significant decrease in storage capacity and yield.

关 键 词：花期 干旱 复水 夏玉米 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]