低慢小飞行物实时检测原理与实验研究  

Real-time detection principle and experimental study of low and slow small flying objects

作　　者：于凯洋 张磊 王克逸[1] YU Kaiyang;ZHANG Lei;WANG Keyi(Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学精密机械与精密仪器系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《应用光学》2023年第2期307-313,共7页Journal of Applied Optics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61935008)。

摘　　要：飞鸟撞击飞机与无人机黑飞是威胁航班起降安全的两大隐患,上述的飞鸟和无人机都属于“低慢小”飞行物。为保卫机场净空区的安全,需要研制具有反低慢小功能的预警系统。对此,设计并实现了一套低慢小飞行物实时检测系统,基于FPGA(field programmable gate array)驱动相机阵列实时采集大视场天空视频,将适于硬件操作的奇偶分流算法与帧间差分算法相结合进行运动目标检测,系统帧率达到17帧/s@1 024×768 pixel,平均检测准确率为99.69%。采用千兆以太网、光纤和交换机将前端跑道视频传输至后端塔台指挥中心,支持3 km远距离传输。相比于传统基于软件串行处理的方式,该系统具有高实时性、低功耗与小体积的优势,适合部署在实际应用场景中。Birds strike and flight without approval of UAV are two major hidden dangers threatening the safety of flight takeoff and landing, and the above-mentioned birds and UAV are both low and slow small flying objects. In order to protect the safety of the airport clearance area, it is necessary to develop an early warning system with the function of anti-low and slow small flying objects. A real-time detection system for low and slow small flying objects were designed and implemented. Based on the field programmable gate array(FPGA) driven camera arrays, the sky videos with large field of view were collected in real time. Combining the parity shunt algorithm and inter-frame differential algorithm which were suitable for hardware operation to detect moving targets, the system frame rate reached 17 fps@1 024×768 pixel, and the average detection accuracy was 99.69%. Gigabit ethernet, optical fiber and switch were used to transmit the front-end runway video to the back-end tower command center, which supporting 3 km long-distance transmission. Compared with the traditional software-based serial processing, the proposed system has the advantages of high real-time,low power consumption and small size, which is suitable for deployment in practical application scenarios.

关 键 词：反低慢小 运动目标检测 远距离视频传输 大视场 FPGA 

分 类 号：TN02[电子电信—物理电子学] TP277[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]