近世日本社会中的义理与超越--兼论与中国“情理”的对比  

Yili and Its Transcendence in Early Modern Japanese Society with a Comparison to Chinese"Qingli"

作　　者：凌鹏[1] Ling Peng

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会学）》2022年第3期101-117,共17页SOCIOLOGY

摘　　要：义理与人情是东亚社会中共通的重要准则,但是义理与人情的含义与关系在中国社会与日本社会中又有着微妙的差异。就日本社会而言,《菊与刀》中论述的义理与人情的冲突最为人所知。不过这一看法早已被超越,日本学者提出了义理与人情的纠葛和义理与义理间的冲突。本文通过对近松门左卫门《情死天网岛》的具体分析,在此前学者的基础上进一步探讨了义理与人情背后更深一层的逻辑,即人心的相通与相融。这两者恰恰是对义理与人情的升华与超越,也是近松门左卫门在《情死天网岛》中为日本义理与人情关系所揭示的真正方向。最后,本文将这一研究与中国近世著名的《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》故事进行简单对照,在对比中揭示中日社会“情理”逻辑的异同。Yili(righteousness)and Renqing(human affection)are important norms common to East Asian societies.However,between Chinese and Japanese society,there are subtle differences in the meaning and relationship of Yili and Renqing.Ruth Benedict's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword is the best known account on the conflict between Yili and Renqing in Japanese society.However,Benedict's work has long been surpassed by Japanese scholars,who have put forwarded theories of entanglement between Yili and Renqing,and the conflict among different Yili.This study offers a more in-depth look of the logics behind the two concepts by a careful analysis of Chikamatsu Monzaemon's drama"Love Suicides at Amijima".The drama,in three volumes,tells a tale of the interaction and fusion of two human hearts that eventually sublime and transcend Yili and Renqing,the true path of the relationship between Yili and Renqing.This study also brings in a brief discussion of the famous early modern Chinese drama"Du Shiniang's Anger and Treasure Box"for comparison.It reveals that Chinese society focuses more on the"rationality"aspect of"Qingli",while in Japan,the emotional aspect is more emphasized.These two different priorities have an important impact on the development of the two societies.

关 键 词：义理 人情 戏剧 日本社会 近松门左卫门 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]