白云鄂博矿区土壤地球化学基线值厘定及其影响  

Determination and Influence of Soil Geochemistry Baseline Value in Bayan Obo Mining Area

作　　者：王路[2] 杜伟旗 白晶晶 郑春丽[1] 骆逸飞 WANG Lu;DU Wei-qi;BAI Jing-jing;ZHENG Chun-li;LUO Yi-fei(School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341100,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]中国科学院赣江创新研究院,江西赣州341100

出　　处：《稀土》2022年第6期44-57,共14页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061049);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909101);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-CN-2021-3);中国科学院江西稀土研究院自主部署项目(E055B004);内蒙古科技计划项目。

摘　　要：土壤地球化学基线值是评估土壤污染水平的基础。目前研究大多采用土壤背景值作为对土壤污染水平进行评估的基线值,由于其与基线值存在一定的差异,因此经常出现“过度”评估或“欠缺”评估的情况。哪种基线值计算方法更科学,如何减少评估结果与真实值之间的误差,是目前土壤污染评估中的关键问题,受到了工业活动区特别是矿区土壤污染评估研究的广泛关注。本次研究以内蒙古自治区白云鄂博矿区为例,通过将标准化法和相对累计频率曲线法计算出的土壤地球化学基线值相结合,首次厘定了白云鄂博矿区土壤中46种元素的地球化学基线值。结果显示,矿区大部分元素(尤其是稀土元素)基线值均高于已公开的各类评估方法的土壤元素含量平均值。这说明白云鄂博矿区由于复杂的地质作用,导致整体土壤地球化学基线值偏高。矿区除稀土元素外,Mo、Cd、Pb、Th、As等元素高于内蒙古土壤元素平均值2~4倍。本次研究弥补了该地区长期缺失土壤地球化学基线值的空白,为今后土壤污染评估提供了参照基准值,同时也为其他地区土壤地球化学基线值的厘定提供了典型范例。The soil geochemical baseline value is the basis for evaluating the pollution degree of the soil.At present,most researches use the soil background value as the baseline value for evaluating the soil pollution degree.Because there is a certain difference between the soil background value and the baseline value,there is often"excessive"evaluation or"short of"evaluation.Which baseline value calculation method is more scientific and how to reduce the error between the evaluation result and the true value,are key issues in the current soil pollution evaluation.It has received widespread attention in the study of soil pollution evaluation in industrial activity areas,especially in mining areas.In this study,the Bayan Obo mining area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China was taken as an example.By combining the soil geochemical baseline values calculated by the standardized method and the relative cumulative frequency curve method,the geochemical baseline values of 46 elements in the soil of Bayan Obo mining area were determined for the first time.The results show that the baseline values of most elements(especially rare earth elements)in the mining area are higher than the average soil element content obtained by various published evaluation methods.This shows that due to the complicated geological process,the overall soil geochemical baseline value is abnormally high in Bayan Obo mining area.In addition to rare earth elements,Mo,Cd,Pb,Th,As and other elements in the mining area are 2~4 times higher than the background values of soil elements in Inner Mongolia.This study makes up for the gap in the long-term lack of soil geochemical baseline values in this region,provides a reference baseline value for future soil pollution evaluation,and also provides a typical example for the determination of soil geochemical baseline values in other regions.

关 键 词：基线值 背景值 土壤 稀土 白云鄂博 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]