寒地粳型超级稻最佳施肥量及适宜配比的研究  

Study on Optimum Fertilization Rate and Suitable Proportion of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：陈书强[1] 薛菁芳[1] 杜晓东[1] 杨丽敏[1] 赵海新[1] 蔡永盛[1] 周通[1] 周明旭[1] 刘辉[1] 赵广山[2] 李想 CHEN Shuqiang;XUE Jingfang;DU Xiaodong;YANG Limin;ZHAO Haixin;CAI Yongsheng;ZHOU Tong;ZHOU Mingxu;LIU Hui;ZHAO Guangshan;LI Xiang(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Rice Cold Damage in Cold Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiamusi 154026;Jiamusi Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Jiamusi 154003;Jiamusi Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Engineering Research Institute,Jiamusi 154004,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部寒地粳稻冷害科学观测实验站,黑龙江佳木斯154026 [2]佳木斯市农业技术推广总站,黑龙江佳木斯154003 [3]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院佳木斯农业机械化研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154004

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2022年第6期1-6,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019C063);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX12-08);黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题(2020YYYF021)。

摘　　要：为了探明黑龙江省推广面积较大的超级稻品种龙粳21和常规品种龙粳29的最佳氮、磷、钾肥料配比及最佳施肥水平,建立水稻施肥模型,为高产品种进一步推广提供配套技术支撑,本研究对两个品种进行了“3414”肥料效应试验。结果表明,水稻产量与氮、磷、钾肥的施用量之间呈极显著回归关系,氮素是影响水稻产量的最主要因素。氮、磷、钾三要素对增产效果影响的顺序:龙粳21为氮>钾>磷,龙粳29为氮>磷>钾,过量施用氮、磷、钾肥会造成单位施肥量水稻增产效果下降,从而降低肥料的利用率。常规品种龙粳29的最佳施肥量为:N 149.7 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5) 61.1 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 62.1 kg/hm^(2),N:P:K=2.45:1:1.05,最佳经济产量为9 577.5 kg/hm^(2);超级稻品种龙粳21的最佳施肥量为:N 161.9 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5) 63.5 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 83.6 kg/hm^(2),N:P:K=2.55:1:1.32,最佳经济产量为9 489.0 kg/hm^(2)。施氮量增加能提高每平方米穗数和穗粒数,但降低了结实率和千粒重,品种间有差异;增加施钾量有提高每平方米穗数和穗粒数的作用,在种植时注重钾肥的施用量。该试验建立的优化施肥方案可作为参考,结合不同积温区具体情况加以调整,实现水稻高产与增效。In order to prove nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer optimum ratio and fertilization level of the super rice variety Longjing 21 and conventional variety Longjing 29 which had larger extension area in Heilongjiang Province,to establish rice fertilization model and provide technical support for further promotion of high-yielding varieties.In this study,the "3414" fertilizer effect test was performed on two varieties.The results showed that there was very significant regression relationship between rice yield and application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer,and nitrogen was the most important factor for affecting rice yield.The sequence of the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the yield increase effect:the super rice variety Longjing 21 was nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus,and the conventional rice variety Longjing 29 was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium,excessive application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer would decrease the effect of increasing the yield of rice,thereby reduced fertilizer utilization.The optimal fertilization rate of conventional variety Longjing 29 was:N 149.7kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5) 61.1 kg/ha,K_(2)O 62.1 kg/ha,N:P:K was 2.45:1:1.05,and the optimal economic yield was 9577.5 kg/ha.The optimal fertilization rate of the super rice variety Longjing 21 was:N 161.9 kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5) 63.5 kg/ha,K_(2)O 83.6kg/ha,N:P:K was 2.55:1:1.32,the optimal economic yield was 9489.0 kg/ha.The increase of nitrogen application could increase the number of ears per ear and the number of ears per square meter,but reduce the seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight,there were differences between varieties.The increase of potassium application had the effect of increasing the number of ears and ears per square meter,paying attention to the application of potassium fertilizer when planting.The optimized fertilization scheme established in this experiment could be used as reference and adjusted the specific conditions of different accumulated temperature zones,to achieve r

关 键 词：寒地 粳稻 施氮量 施肥比例 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]