2014-2021年辽宁省麻疹病例免疫史特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles cases with immunization history of MCV in Liaoning in 2014-2021

作　　者：安晓慧[1] 王文思[1] 方兴[1] AN Xiaohui;WANG Wensi;FANG Xing(Department of National Immunization Program,Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110005,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2023年第2期32-35,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：辽宁省甲型病毒性肝炎病毒基因型分子流行病学研究与基因库建立(2021-MS-360)。

摘　　要：目的分析病例的免疫史特征,为完善麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法通过麻疹监测系统和免疫规划信息管理系统收集数据,对其进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2014—2021年辽宁省共报告麻疹病例9164例,有1剂MCV免疫史的占5.64%,有≥2剂MCV免疫史的占3.60%,不同年份间报告比例的差异有统计学意义(2=184.534,P<0.001)。麻疹病例MCV累计免疫率为23.85%,各年龄组免疫率在3.57%~35.94%之间,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=109.448,P<0.001)。2~6岁和7~14岁1剂、≥2剂免疫率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.147,P<0.05)。病例发病时间距MCV末剂次接种时间2周以上者较多,占82.06%。有MCV免疫史的麻疹病例发热、咳嗽、卡他症状、结膜炎、柯氏斑、淋巴结肿大、关节疼痛临床症状发生率均低于无MCV免疫史的病例,差异均有统计学意义。结论有MCV免疫史的麻疹病例占有一定比例,以继发性免疫失败为主。有MCV免疫史麻疹病例的发热、咳嗽、卡他症状、结膜炎、柯氏斑、淋巴结肿大、关节疼痛等临床症状的发生率均低于无免疫史病例,接种MCV对减轻临床症状有重要意义。及时接种2剂次MCV接种对麻疹防控非常必要。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases with immunization history of measles-containing vaccine(MCV),and to provide a basis for improving measles prevention and control measures.Methods Data were collected through the measles surveillance system and the immunization program information management system.Data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 9164 cases of measles were reported in Liaoning Province during 2014-2021,of which the cases of measles with immunization history of 1 dose MCV accounted for 5.64%,and≥2 doses accounted for 3.60%.There was a statistically significant difference in the immunization proportion among different years(χ^(2)=184.534,P<0.001).The cumulative inoculation rate of measles cases was 23.85%,the immunization rates among different groups varied from 3.57%to 35.94%,and the differences were statistically significant(2=109.448,P<0.001).There was a statistically significant difference between 2-6 years old and 7-14 years old in the immunization rate of 1 dose and≥2 doses(χ^(2)=4.147,P<0.05).The onset time of most cases was over 2 weeks after the last dose of MCV vaccination,accounting for 82.06%.The incidence rates of fever,cough,catarrh symptoms,conjunctivitis,lymph node enlargement and articular pain were all significantly lower in the cases with immunization history than those in the patients without a history of MCV immunization(P<0.05).Conclusion The cases with immunization history account for a certain proportion in measles cases,mainly secondary vaccination failure.The incidence rate of fever,cough,catarrhal symptoms,conjunctivitis,Koch′s patches,lymphadenopathy,joint pain,and other clinical symptoms in measles patients with a history of MCV immunization is lower than that in patients without immunization history.Inoculation of MCV is of great significance in relieving clinical symptoms.It is necessary to inoculate two doses of MCV in time for measles prevention and control.

关 键 词：麻疹病例 免疫史 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]