长江中下游地区单季晚粳水稻侧深施肥技术研究  

Effects of Different Lateral Deep Fertilization Methods on Rice Yield and Economic Benefit

作　　者：周丽瑶 鲁超 李育娟 华小龙 ZHOU Li-yao;LU Chao;LI Yu-juan;HUA Xiao-long(Wuxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Wuxi Jiangsu 214131,China;Wuxi Rural Management Center,Wuxi Jiangsu 214131,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡市农业技术推广中心,江苏无锡214131 [2]无锡市农村经营管理中心,江苏无锡214131

出　　处：《北方水稻》2023年第1期18-22,共5页North Rice

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2021]041)。

摘　　要：在长江中下游地区的无锡市以中熟晚粳品种南粳46为材料,设置3种不同的侧深施肥方式,分别为:70%基肥(常规复合肥)侧深施+30%穗肥FM1、70%基肥(缓释肥)侧深施+30%穗肥FM2、100%基肥(缓释肥)一次性侧深施FM3,并设置常规施肥对照35%基肥(常规复合肥)撒施+35%分蘖肥+30%穗肥CFM。研究了不同施肥方式对水稻产量及构成因素、茎蘖动态、氮素偏生产力、经济效益等方面的影响。结果表明,与其他处理相比,FM2和CFM处理提高了单位面积穗数、每穗粒数,扩大了库容量,在稳定结实率和千粒重的基础上,获得了较高产量。FM2处理较CFM处理减少了一次施肥次数,降低了人工成本,经济效益也最高,是一种兼具高产、轻简与高效的水稻施肥方式。FM3处理的产量与氮素偏生产力均最低,虽减轻了劳动力,但不利于长江中下游晚粳稻丰产高效生产。Lateral deep fertilization is a safe,efficient and high-quality production technology of rice mechanical transplanting.In order to improve the technical system of lateral deep fertilization,we investigated the effects of different lateral fertilization methods on rice yield and economic benefit.In this study,high quality and delicious rice Nangeng-46 were used as materials.Three different lateral deep fertilization methods were arranged,including 70%base fertilizer(conventional compound fertilizer)side deep application+30%panicle fertilizer FM1(fertilization method 1),70%base fertilizer(slow/controlled release fertilizers)side deep application+30%panicle fertilizer FM2(fertilization method 2),and 100%base fertilizer(slow/controlled release fertilizers)disposable side deep application FM3(fertilization method 3).In addition,35%base fertilizer(conventional compound fertilizer)broadcast application+30%tillering fertilizer+30%panicle fertilizer CFM(the conventional fertilization method)were added.The effects of different treatments on rice yield,tillering dynamics,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefit were compared.The results revealed that the yield of FM2 and CFM were higher than those of other treatments.The main reason was that the panicles per unit area,grains per panicle and rice grain bank capacity were higher than that of other treatments on the basis of stable filled grains rate and 1000-grain weight.Compared with CFM treatment,the FM2 treatment reduced the number of fertilization at one time,reduced the labor cost and had the highest economic benefit.The results also indicate that the lateral deep fertilization of slow/controlled release fertilizers+quick-acting panicle fertilizer was the way to form high yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.It is a high-yield,simple and efficient fertilization method for rice.

关 键 词：粳稻 侧深施肥 施肥方式 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]