江苏近海辐射沙脊群及邻近海域生态系统营养结构和能量流动研究  

Trophic structure and energy flows in the radial sand ridges and adjacent waters off the coast of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：张虎[1] 贲成恺[1] 祖凯伟 宋业晖 薛莹[2] 袁健美[1] 胡海生 肖悦悦 祝超文 ZHANG Hu;BEN Chengkai;ZU Kaiwei;SONG Yehui;XUE Ying;YUAN Jianmei;HU Haisheng;XIAO Yueyue;ZHU Chaowen(Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Instiute,Nanlong Jiangsu 226007,China;Fisheries College,Ocean Uniersity of Chinun,Qingdao Shandong 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第1期60-72,共13页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：渔业生态监测(2020-SJ-016-01,2019-SJ-018-1)。

摘　　要：为了解近海辐射沙脊群的生态功能、营养结构和能量流动特征,根据2018—2019年在江苏近海辐射沙脊群及邻近海域进行的生物资源与栖息环境综合调查数据,通过构建Ecopath生态模型,分析了该海域生态系统的营养结构、混合营养效应、能流途径和生态系统总体特征等。研究发现,该海域27个功能群的营养级范围为1.00~4.31,主要渔获种类及优势种的营养级范围在3.0~4.0之间,顶级捕食者如鮸(Miichthys miiuy)和龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)等鱼类的营养级在4.0以上。该海域生态系统的总生态转化效率是14.93%,略高于邻近海域,表明该生态系统对能量的总体利用率较高,有利于维持生物群落的多样性和较高的生产力。碎屑和浮游植物均是该海域主要的营养来源,其中牧食食物链在各营养级之间的能量流动均高于碎屑食物链。与其他生态系统相比,该海域生态系统的总流量(TST)较高(8950 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1)),表明该生态系统的总体规模较大,有利于维持生态系统的健康。从生态系统总体特征参数等生态指标来看,该海域生态系统仍处于不稳定状态,易受外界扰动的影响。研究结果将有助于深入解析江苏近海辐射沙脊群及邻近海域生态系统的营养结构及生态系统总体特征,可为该海域生态系统的保护和修复提供技术支撑。The radial sand ridge group in Jiangsu coastal area,located in the southern Yellow Sea,is a unique combination of large sand bodies in the shallow waters of the continental shelf of China.It becomes a special ecological function area due to the influence of multiple factors such as land runoff,sea current and seabed topography,with unique ecological environment.However,fishery resources in this area have declined due to multiple pressures such as overfishing and environmental degradation.At present,studies on this area mainly focus on species diversity,community structure,environmental evolution and simulation,and ecosystem service,while studies on the trophic structure and energy flows in this ecosystem are few.This study analyzed the state of the ecosystem in the area by using Ecopath model,which defined the ecosystem as consisting of a series of functional groups with ecologically similar characteristics,all of which could basically cover the whole process of energy flow in the ecosystem.The model was based on the principle of nutrient balance,which described the balance of energy input and output of the system at a specific time.Subsequently,a mass-balance model was constructed by Ecopath with Ecosim software based on the comprehensive survey data collected from the radial sand ridge areas of Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019.And the trophic structure,mixed trophic impact and overall characteristics of this ecosystem were analyzed.The ecosystem condition of this area was also evaluated to provide technical support for the protection and restoration of the ecosystem of the radial sand ridge group off Jiangsu,as well as to provide a theoretical basis for protection,management and rational use of the biological resources in this area.The results showed that trophic levels of functional groups in this ecosystem varied from 1.00 to 4.31,consisting of 27 functional groups.The food web of this marine ecosystem was mainly composed of grazing food chain and detritus food chain.The trophic levels of the main fishery s

关 键 词：辐射沙脊群 ECOPATH模型 营养结构 能量流动 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]