江苏海域小黄鱼时空分布及生物学特征研究  

Spatio-temporal and spatial distribution and biological characteristics of Larimichthys polyactis in Jiangsu sea area

作　　者：李子东 王燕平[2] 仲霞铭[2] 杨家新 葛慧 施金金[2] 熊瑛[2] 汤建华[2] 吴磊[2] 闫欣[2] 王储庆 LI Zidong;WANG Yanping;ZHONG Xiaming;YANG Jiaxin;GE Hui;SHI Jinjin;XIONG Ying;TANG Jianhua;WU Lei;YAN Xin;WANG Chuqing(College of Marine Science and Engineeing,Nanjing Normal Unitersily,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Instinte,Narlong Jiangsun 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第1期73-85,共13页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省水生生物资源重大专项暨首次水生野生动物资源普查-近海海洋水生野生动物资源普查(ZYHB2016-2);江苏省海洋科技专项项目(JSZRHYKJ202117)。

摘　　要：为进一步了解江苏海域小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)时空分布特征及相关规律,根据2017——2018年共4个季度在江苏海域(31°45′N~35°00′N、119°30′E~125°00′E)进行的渔业资源调查数据,对该海域小黄鱼时空分布规律及生物学特征进行研究。结果如下:1)秋季与冬季小黄鱼经过夏季索饵育肥,平均体长(秋季103.04 mm,冬季96.20 mm)、平均体质量(秋季19.62 g,冬季16.35 g)均达到全年高值;春季样品性腺成熟度最高,36.1%的样本仍处于产卵期,冬季次之;摄食等级方面,春、秋季小黄鱼摄食等级高于夏、冬季;性比方面,4个季节及年度间雌雄比例变化不大且雄鱼数量多于雌鱼。2)江苏海域小黄鱼春季产卵场主要位于长江口以北邻近海域(32°00′N~33°15′N、121°30′E~122°15′E),夏季索饵场主要分布于大沙渔场南侧(32°00′N~33°00′N、123°00′E~124°30′E)及吕四渔场北部外侧海域(33°30′N~34°00′N、121°30′E~122°00′E),秋季索饵场位于连青石渔场东南侧海域(34°00′N~35°00′N、122°30′E~124°00′E),冬季越冬场位于大沙渔场东北部海域(33°00′N~35°00′N、123°30′E~124°30′E)。3)春季性腺成熟度高的亲鱼聚集在江苏近岸长江口以北临近海域产卵育幼,形成中心密集区;夏、秋季仔稚鱼及成鱼分散索饵,在江苏海域广泛分布且东移趋势明显,索饵场分布受水温影响较大,受盐度影响较小;冬季小黄鱼从索饵场洄游至越冬场深水区(水深范围36.435~80.675 m)。4)结合小黄鱼样本生物学特征和资源密度的分析,发现江苏海域小黄鱼随季节变化具备产卵、索饵及向深水区越冬属性,繁殖、生长发育系统轮廓较为完整。因此,可以推断小黄鱼种群与江苏海域之间存在相对稳定的依存关系,为江苏海域小黄鱼资源保护与合理开发利用提供了理论依据。In order to further understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and related patterns of Larimichthys polyactis in Jiangsu sea area timely and to manage the biological resource properly, data collected from four seasonal fishery resource surveys in Jiangsu sea area(31°45′N-35°00′N,119°30′E-125°00′E) from 2017 to 2018 were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) In spring, the average body length and average body weight of Larimichthys polyactis were at low values(78.96mm, 13.68g), while in autumn and winter, average body length(103.04mm in autumn, 96.20 mm in winter) and average body weight(19.62g in autumn, 16.35 g in winter) reached high values throughout the year after baited in summer. Sex maturity was the highest in spring, with 36.1% of samples still in the spawning stage, winter was the next. Sex maturity was the lowest in summer, all samples were at stage II. Feeding intensity was higher in spring and autumn than in summer and winter, it was mainly because parent fishes needed to replenish the energy loss after spawning in spring. The average feeding level of fishes reached the highest in autumn as the later stage of Larimichthys polyactis’s feeding stage. In summer, Larimichthys polyactis entered the feeding stage, the behavior of feeding just started, and the proportion of individuals with high feeding level was small. In winter, the temperature of Jiangsu sea area fell drastically, fishes were affected by the change of environment to reduce even stop feeding, then finding appropriate over-wintering grounds became an urgent need. In terms of sex ratios, the ratio of male number to female number did not vary seriously over the four seasons and years, and there were more males than females, which was related to the recession of Larimichthys polyactis resources. 2)The spring spawning grounds of Larimichthys polyactis in Jiangsu sea area were mainly located in the adjacent waters north of the mouth of the Yangtze River(32°00′N-33°15′N, 121°30′E-122°15′E), the exce

关 键 词：小黄鱼 资源密度 江苏海域 时空分布 生物学特征 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]