第三人代为履行的解释论——基于涉他合同之体系定位  

Interpretation of Subrogation:Based on the Positioning System of Other-Related Contract

作　　者：詹艳[1] 虞澍德 ZHAN Yan;YU Shude(College of law,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学法学院,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期77-86,共10页Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“‘一带一路’倡议下传统文化表达的私法保护研究”(19YJCZH236)。

摘　　要：作为涉他合同的崭新条款,《民法典》第524条是为维护第三人利益而设,存有广阔的适用和解释空间,但也有待实践的发展和理论的归纳。为了更好地区分相关制度,其在概念选择上有赖于涉他合同体系的清晰梳理。对于引入意定代位制度来拓宽本条的适用范围在学界上颇有争议,由于法典上已经规定了债权转让及由第三人履行制度,因而目前仍不具备引入的必要性,否则极易发生混淆与法律适用上的混乱。同时,基于三方利益平衡之考虑,有利益牵涉之第三人原则上无需以债权人或债务人同意为要件,但不得损害债权人权益且需履行对债务人的通知义务。在如何对抽象的合法利益进行具象化解释时,我国采取比较法上限缩解释的做法,同时结合我国实践案例进行类型化限定。随后可通过完善代位追偿权来维护第三人权益,但前提是第三人清偿时不得损害在先权利人的既得利益,尤其是部分履行场合之债权人,以便更好地类推适用《民法典》第531条、第700条但书之规定。Article 524 of the Civil Code,a brand-new clause in contracts involving others,is designed to safeguard the interests of third party,and there is a broad space for application and interpretation,but it also needs to be developed in practice and summarized in theory.In order to better distinguish it from other relevant systems,its concept selection depends on the clear sorting out of the contract system involving others.It is controversial in academic circles to introduce the system of intended subrogation to broaden the scope of application of this article.Since the code has already provided for the system of assignment of claims and performance by third party,there is no need to introduce it at present,otherwise it is easy to cause confusion and confusion in legal application.The consent of the creditor or the debtor is in principle not required for the third party involved in the interest,but the creditor’s rights and interests must not be harmed and the debtor must be notified.When it comes to how to visualize abstract legitimate interests,China adopts the practice of reducing the upper limit of the comparative law,and at the same time combines the practical cases of China to carry out typological qualifications.Subsequently,the rights and interests of third party shall be safeguarded by improving the right of subrogation,provided that the vested interests of the earlier rights holders shall not be harmed when the third party repays,especially the creditors in partial performance,so as to better apply Articles 531 and 700 of the Civil Code.

关 键 词：第三人代为履行 涉他合同 合法利益 部分履行 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]