新生儿肺炎的病原学特点及影响因素分析  

Etiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Neonatal Pneumonia

作　　者：倪威 黄雅玲 杨秋虾 NI Wei;HUANG Yaling;YANG Qiuxia(Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Xiangcheng District,Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province,Zhangzhou 363000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]福建省漳州市芗城区妇幼保健院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《中国医学创新》2023年第7期131-135,共5页Medical Innovation of China

摘　　要：目的:探讨新生儿肺炎的病原学特点及影响因素分析。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月-2022年1月漳州市芗城区妇幼保健院接诊的89例新生儿肺炎患儿为观察组,并同期选择来本院就诊81例非新生儿肺炎为对照组。对89例新生儿肺炎的病原学特点进行分析,并对比观察组和对照组新生儿的临床资料,应用多因素logistic回归分析影响新生儿肺炎的相关因素。结果:89例标本中病毒检查阳性33例,阳性率为37.08%。两组性别、日龄、早产情况、住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、低体温、低出生体质量、预防性抗菌药物、应用激素、气管插管、低蛋白血症、使用抗生素时间、流行接触史比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析得出,预防性抗菌药物为新生儿发生肺炎的保护因素,羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、低体温、低出生体质量、应用激素、气管插管、低蛋白血症、使用抗生素时间、流行接触史均为新生儿肺炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿肺炎病原以病毒最为多见,且新生儿肺炎临床症状不明显,难以做出病原学诊断。影响新生儿发生肺炎的危险因素有羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、低体温等,临床应从本研究得出的危险因素制订相应的预防对策。Objective:To investigate the etiological characteristics and influencing factors of neonatal pneumonia.Method:The clinical data of 89 neonatal pneumonia patients admitted to Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Xiangcheng District,Zhangzhou City from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the observation group retrospectively analyzed,and 81 cases of non-neonatal pneumonia were selected as the control group during the same period.The etiological characteristics of 89 cases of neonatal pneumonia were analyzed,and the clinical data of neonates in the observation group and the control group were compared,and the risk factors of neonatal pneumonia were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Result:Among the 89 samples,33 cases were positive for virus,the positive rate was 37.08%.There were no significant differences in gender,age,prematurity and length of hospital stay between the two groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in amniotic fluid contamination,fetal distress,hypothermia,low birth weight,prophylactic antibiotics,hormone use,tracheal intubation,hypoproteinemia,antibiotic use time and epidemic contact history between the two groups(P<0.05).logistic regression analysis showed that prophylactic antibiotics was the protective factor for neonatal pneumonia,and amniotic fluid contamination,fetal distress,hypothermia,low birth weight,hormone use,tracheal intubation,hypoproteinemia,antibiotic use time and epidemic contact history were independent risk factors for neonatal pneumonia(P<0.05).Conclusion:Virus is the most common cause of neonatal pneumonia,and the clinical symptoms of neonatal pneumonia are not obvious,it is difficult to make etiological diagnosis.The risk factors affecting neonatal pneumonia include amniotic fluid pollution,fetal distress,hypothermia,etc,clinical prevention measures should be formulated based on the risk factors obtained in this study.

关 键 词：新生儿肺炎 病原学特点 羊水污染 

分 类 号：R722.135[医药卫生—儿科]