ZrO_(2)基催化剂在天然气汽车尾气处理中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Application of ZrO_(2) Based Catalysts in Natural Gas Vehicle Exhaust Treatment

作　　者：张秀娟 郑婷婷[2] 王成雄[2] 郭淼鑫 赵云昆[2] Zhang Xiujuan;Zheng Tingting;Wang Chengxiong;Guo Miaoxin;Zhao Yunkun(Kunming Sino-Precious Metals Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China;State Key Laboratory of Ad-vanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metal,Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司,云南昆明650106 [2]昆明贵金属研究所稀贵金属综合利用新技术国家重点实验室,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第12期1632-1644,共13页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(2019FB146)资助。

摘　　要：随着汽车尾气排放法规的进一步加严和对燃油经济性要求的提高,发展适用的代用燃料发动机清洁汽车成为必然的发展趋势。压缩天然气发动机(CNG)具有较高的燃烧效率及较低的污染物排放,对比传统的汽油和柴油发动机在环境保护方面具有明显的优势,然而天然气发动机运行过程中未完全燃烧的甲烷、催化剂的低温氧化活性、抗水热抗硫中毒性能都是目前急需解决的难题。ZrO_(2)基载体具有优良的耐水和耐硫中毒性能,适用于天然气汽车尾气净化,有望克服目前催化剂易发生水和硫中毒的缺点。本文综述了用于甲烷催化氧化的锆基催化材料近年来的研究进展,阐述了稀土金属、过渡金属等元素的掺杂及制备方法对ZrO_(2)结构以及ZrO_(2)基催化剂催化性能的影响,得出以下结论:(1)四方相ZrO_(2)负载型催化剂比混合相ZrO_(2)负载型催化剂具有更好的水热稳定性。(2)Y掺杂ZrO_(2)提高了催化剂的热稳定性;CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)混合氧化物的氧化还原行为和储氧能力取决于多种因素:包括氧化物的组成、结构、织构、相均一性和预处理等;适当的ZrO_(2)与Al_(2)O_(3)的质量比是催化剂低温氧化活性的关键;添加NiO,MgO或Co3O4可提高Pd/ZA催化剂的活性和水热稳定性。(3)不同制备方法会导致载体间相互作用的不同,进而引起织构、结构和催化活性的不同等。With the further tightening of automobile exhaust emission regulations,improvement of fuel economy performance and stricter control of CO_(2)emission,it is an inevitable trend to develop clean vehicles with alternative fuel engines for environmental protection and energy considerations.Compressed natural gas engine(CNG)has obvious advantages in environmental protection compared with traditional gasoline and diesel engines due to its high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emission.However,the exhaust temperature of natural gas engine is low(300~550℃),and the water content(10%~15%)and S content in exhaust gas are high.At present,the biggest challenge is the oxidation of CH4at low temperature and the improvement of hydrothermal stability and S resistance of catalyst.The composition,structure and morphology of the catalyst,as well as its dynamic changes during synthesis and service,play a decisive role in its catalytic activity.The research on methane combustion catalysts mainly focuses on precious metal catalysts and non-precious metal catalysts and Palladium-supported catalyst has a low light off temperature and can maintain high catalytic activity under lean burn conditions,so it has become a research hotspot.In addition,the support has a great influence on the dispersion of active metals,the active phase state and the activity and stability of the catalyst.Therefore,the high temperature hydrothermal stability,acid-base property,oxygen storage and release capacity,oxygen migration capacity and specific surface area of the support all affect the performance of the catalyst.For this reason,many studies have tried to improve the overall performance of the catalyst by modifying the support.At present,the commonly used support is γ-Al_(2)O_(3).However,γ-Al_(2)O_(3)is unstable at high temperature and easy to be poisoned by S.In order to solve these problems,other oxide supports have been widely studied.Among them,ZrO_(2)based support has excellent water resistance and sulfur poisoning resistance,which is suita

关 键 词：尾气净化 CH_(4)氧化 ZrO_(2)基催化剂 元素掺杂 制备方法 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学]