2011—2021年云南省钩端螺旋体病流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis in Yunnan Province,China,from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：于彬彬[1] 杨慧[1] 杨秋菊[1] 夏淑婷[1] 杨富萍 赵溯[1] 杨向东[1] YU Bin-bin;YANG Hui;YANG Qiu-ju;XIA Shu-ting;YANG Fu-ping;ZHAO Shu;YANG Xiang-dong(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,大理671000

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2023年第2期135-139,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

摘　　要：目的分析2011—2021年云南省人间钩端螺旋体病的流行病学特征和变化趋势,为制定云南省钩体病防控策略提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法分析2011—2021年云南省钩体病疫情资料,采用SPSS 22.0和Excel 2016软件进行数据和图表的统计处理和分析。结果2011—2021年云南省累计报告钩体病733例,年均发病率为0.1427/10万,无死亡病例。11年间钩体病的总体发病率不全相同(χ^(2)=777.017,P<0.001)。发病率最高为2014年(224例,0.4820/10万),最低为2020年(0例,0.0000/10万)。全年除1月外均有病例报告,5月开始发病数显著上升,8月达发病高峰,5—10月为高发季(658例,89.77%)。全省16个州(市)中有12个州(市)报告钩体病病例,报告病例主要集中在西双版纳傣族自治州(265例)、普洱市(187例)、临沧市(186例),占总病例的87.04%。所有年龄组均有病例报告,以20~54岁青年和中年发病最多(599例,81.72%)。职业分布中农民最多(572例,78.04%),其次为工人(48例,6.55%)。男女病例之比为1∶1.16,钩体病性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.623,P=0.003)。结论云南省是我国钩体病的重流行区,5—10月高发,农民、工人是钩体病的高危人群,女性发病率高于男性,局部区域高发。需提升基层诊治能力,确定重点防控区域,警惕自然疫源地的潜在流行风险。This study was aimed at analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and trends in human leptospirosis in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021,to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies.Descriptive epidemiological approaches were used to analyze monitoring data on the leptospirosis epidemic in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021.SPSS 22.0 and Excel 2016 software were used for statistical processing of charts and data.The cumulative number of reported cases of leptospirosis in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021 was 733,the average annual incidence was 0.1427/100000,and no fatal cases occurred.The overall incidence of leptospirosis varied over the 11-year period(χ^(2)=777.017,P<0.001).The highest incidence was in 2014(224 cases,0.4820/100000),and the lowest incidence was in 2020(0 cases,0.0000/100000).Cases were reported throughout the year except for January,and the number of cases began to rise significantly in May and peaked in August;an apparently high incidence season occurred from May to October(658 cases,89.77%).Cases were reported in 12 of the 16 states(cities)in the province.Reported cases were concentrated in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture(265 cases),Pu’er City(187 cases)and Lincang City(186 cases),and together accounted for 87.04%of the total cases.Cases were reported in all age groups,and the highest incidence was observed in young and middle-aged people 20-54 years of age(599 cases,81.72%).Occupational distribution analysis indicated that leptospirosis was most frequent among farmers(572 cases,78.04%)followed by workers(48 cases,6.55%).The male-to-female ratio of patients with leptospirosis was 1∶1.16,and chi-square tests indicated a statistically significant sex difference(χ^(2)=8.623,P=0.003).Yunnan Province is a highly endemic area for leptospirosis in China,with a high incidence from May to October.Farmers and workers are at high risk of leptospirosis;moreover,the incidence is higher in women than in men,and is highly localized.The diagnosis and

关 键 词：钩端螺旋体病 监测分析 流行病学 云南省 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]