食源性GABA对人体各系统的保护作用和机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Oral-intake GABA on Human Systems

作　　者：许吉怡 王志鹏 邹宇川 徐劲节 阚伟京 张新华 刘喆 杜静 Xu Jiyi;Wang Zhipeng;Zou Yuchuan;Xu Jinjie;Kan Weijing;Zhang Xinhua;Liu Zhe;Du Jing(the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders&Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine,Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100088,China;Huaxi Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100022,China;Yunnan University,School of Medicine,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室,北京100088 [2]华熙生物科技股份有限公司,北京100022 [3]云南大学医学院,云南650091

出　　处：《世界科学技术-中医药现代化》2022年第10期3835-3843,共9页Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会主任基金项目(31650005):腺苷受体介导的神经免疫M1(炎症)向M2(抗炎)状态的转变对抑郁和自杀相关行为的影响,负责人:杜静。

摘　　要：γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)既是一种抑制性神经递质,也是一种人体内分泌介质。此外,GABA也存在于中药和食品之中。GABA在中枢神经系统和其他外周器官可以特异性地结合并作用于它的两类受体:离子通道受体GABAA和GABAC,及G蛋白偶联受体GABAB,GABA与这些受体结合可超极化抑制细胞兴奋,启动G蛋白偶联受体信号传递通路,进而发挥抑制神经兴奋助眠、促进神经元及身体发育、精神松弛安定、全身细胞抗炎修复等多种功能。本综述聚焦于食源性GABA对于中枢神经、心血管、泌尿和消化等各系统功能的保护作用的基础理论和临床研究,综合论述了GABA在中枢系统及非中枢神经系统中发挥的改善睡眠焦虑、缓解高血压和糖尿病、抗癌、抗癌、抗过敏,保护肝脏、肾脏和小肠等脏器功能的药理作用。食源性GABA可能成为预防多种疾病的保健食品,甚至治疗疾病的安全有效的潜在替代疗法。γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA)is not only an inhibitory neurotransmitter,but also a human endocrine mediator.In the human body,it is mainly synthesized by the liver and nourishes the whole body.At the same time,GABA also exists in traditional Chinese medicine and food.GABA can specifically bind to its two types of receptors in the central nervous system and other peripheral organs,the ion channel receptors GABAAand GABAC,and G protein coupled receptor GABAB.Binding with these receptors,GABA can hyperpolarize to inhibit cell excitation and start the G-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway,to play a variety of functions,such as inhibiting neural excitation,helping sleep,promoting neuronal and physical development,and systemic cell anti-inflammatory repair.This review focuses on the protective effects of oral GABA in both basic and clinical studies on the functions of central nervous,cardiovascular,urinary and digestive systems,such as improving sleep and anxiety,ameliorating hypertension and diabetes,anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,liver protection,renal protection,and intestinal protection.Oral GABA may become a health food to prevent a variety of diseases,and even a safe and effective potential alternative therapy for the treatment of diseases.

关 键 词：Γ-氨基丁酸 GABA受体 器官保护 内分泌 免疫修复 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]