朝鲜时代谚文注音辞书的声韵系统——以《方言类释》为例  

The Phonological System of the Hangeul Phonetic Dictionary in Joseon Period--Take Fangyan Leishi(《方言类释》)as an Example

作　　者：付芳 Fu Fang(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学文学院,北京100083

出　　处：《现代语文》2023年第2期64-73,共10页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“元明清民国时期官话语音语料库平台建设与研究”(17ZDA304)。

摘　　要：《方言类释》系朝鲜时代的谚文注音辞书,记录的是明末清初以来北方官话的读书音系统。该书含声母19个,韵母41个,语音记录较为保守。在声母方面,尖团分立,知二庄与知三章有别,日母字仍与细音相拼,影疑微喻合流。在韵母方面,舌尖元音独立,卷舌元尚未完全独立,[y]韵母尚未形成,寒山与桓欢韵字主元音有别,宕江曾梗通五摄入声韵字存在文白异读。《方言类释》的记音受到朝鲜汉字音及规范语言观的影响。它继承了《翻译老乞大》《翻译朴通事》的右音系统,与《中原音韵》《五方元音》等北方官话韵书相似度较高,其音系更接近中原官话。Fangyan Leishi(《方言类释》)was the Hangeul phonetic dictionary of Joseon period.The dictionary records the written literature language system of northern Mandarin since the late Ming and Qing dynasties conservatively,which contains 19 initials and 41 finals.The initials involve the following issues:the separation of Jian(见)and Jing(精)initial groups,the difference between Zhi the second grade(知二)、Zhuang(庄)and Zhi the third grade(知三)Zhang(章),the tendency that initial Ri(日)is spelled with front-open vowels,the mergence of initials Ying(影),Yi(疑),Wei(微)and Yu(喻).In terms of finals,several issues were mainly discussed:the apical vowels has emerged,yet the retroflex vowels and[y]finals have not yet been formed.The vowel of the Hanshan(寒山)rhyme is different from that of Huanhuan(桓欢)rhyme.The characters of entering tone have the levels of literary readings and colloquial readings.The pronunciation of Fangyan Leishi(《方言类释》)is influenced by the Sino-Joseon pronunciation and the normative language concept,which directly inherits the right pronunciation system of Fanyi Laoqida(《翻译老乞大》)、Fanyi Piaotongshi(《翻译朴通事》)and has a high similarity with the northern Mandarin rhyme books such as Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韵》)and Wufang Yuanyin(《五方元音》).Its phonology is similar to the Zhongyuan Mandarin.

关 键 词：《方言类释》 朝鲜时代 声韵系统 朝鲜汉字音 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语] H55