三江平原基于地下水补排平衡的适宜水稻种植规模研究  

Study on the Suitable Rice Planting Scale Based on the Balance of Groundwater Replenishment and Drainage in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：吴镇江 孙青言[1] 陆垂裕[1] 秦紫东[2] 郭辉[2] 杨晶亮 WU Zhen-jiang;SUN Qing-yan;LU Chui-yu;QIN Zi-dong;GUO Hui;YANG Jing-liang(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation,Design and Research Institute,Harbin 150080,China;Xiaolangdi Project Construction and Management Center,MWR,Zhengzhou 450099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]黑龙江省水利水电勘测设计研究院,哈尔滨150080 [3]水利部小浪底水利枢纽管理中心,郑州450099

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第3期9-16,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划资助项目(GA19C005);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(JD22B001);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2022ZD02)。

摘　　要：三江平原水稻面积变化及其引发的地下水开发利用活动对当地地下水动态变化产生了严重影响。为明确三江平原地下水补排特征及其存在的问题,基于2000-2014年变化情景下的土地利用构建动态水循环模型,在其他参数和假设不变的情况下,建立逐年的静态水循环模型及预测水文模型,模拟在各土地利用情景和规划水稻种植规模下的水文过程,对比各情景下的地下水通量,探求地下水补排平衡下的水稻种植规模。结果显示:基于动态水循环现状模型分析,三江平原地下水超采严重,年均地下水蓄变量为-3.13亿m^(3);对现状水资源配置格局下各静态土地利用模型对比,在2005年的水稻种植规模下,年均地下水蓄变量为-0.25亿m^(3),实现了地下水补排平衡;建立在水资源配置新格局下的预测模型,对各子流域中的水稻面积同比放大,确定在水稻种植规模为304.1万hm^(2)时,地下水年均蓄变量为-0.84亿m^(3),三江平原实现了地下水补排平衡。The change of rice area and the groundwater development and utilization activities in Sanjiang Plain have a serious impact on the local groundwater dynamics. In order to clarify the characteristics of groundwater recharge and drainage and the existing problems in the Sanjiang Plain, a dynamic water cycle model was built based on the land use under the changing scenarios from 2000 to 2014. With other parameters and assumptions unchanged, a year by year static water cycle model and a prediction hydrological model were established to simulate the hydrological process under various land use scenarios and planned rice planting scale, to compared the groundwater flux under various scenarios, and to explore the rice planting scale under the balance of groundwater recharge and drainage. The results showed that based on the analysis of the status quo model of dynamic water cycle, the groundwater overdraft in Sanjiang Plain was serious, and the annual groundwater storage variable was-313 million m^(3);Comparing various static land use models under the current water resource allocation pattern, under the rice planting scale in 2005, the annual average groundwater storage variable was-0.25 billion m^(3), realizing the balance of groundwater recharge and discharge;The prediction model was established under the new pattern of water resources allocation, and the rice area in each sub basin was enlarged on a year-on-year basis. It was determined that when the rice planting scale was 3.041 million hm^(2), the annual average groundwater storage variable was-0.84 billion m^(3), and the Sanjiang Plain has achieved the balance of groundwater recharge and discharge.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 水量平衡 适宜水稻面积 MODCYCLE 三江平原 地下水采补平衡 水稻种植规模 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] P641[农业科学—农业工程]