水盐耦合对滴灌棉花出苗率及苗期生长的影响  

Effects of Water-salt Coupling on Seeding Emergence Rate and Seeding Growth of Cotton Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：王菲 吕德生[1,2,3] 王振华 张金珠[1,2,3] 刘健 温越[1,2,3] 秦程 胡贵荣 WANG Fei;LÜDe-sheng;WANG Zhen-hua;ZHANG Jin-zhu;LIU Jian;WEN Yue;QIN Cheng;HU Gui-rong(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第3期91-97,105,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52169012);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900802-2);兵团重大科技项目(2022AB011)。

摘　　要：为探究不同初始土壤含盐量和灌水定额条件下,土壤水盐的变化特征、棉花出苗率及幼苗生长。通过桶栽试验,设置2个出苗水灌水定额168.8 m^(3)/(hm^(2)·次)(W1),225.0 m^(3)/(hm^(2)·次)(W2),5个初始土壤含盐量0.05%(T0,0.45 mS/cm)、0.2%(T1,1.79 mS/cm)、0.4%(T2,3.58 mS/cm)、0.6%(T3,5.37 mS/cm)、0.8%(T4,7.16 mS/cm),共10个处理,研究不同处理下滴灌棉田水盐分布对出苗率及幼苗时期株高、茎粗及叶面积的影响。结果表明:出苗水灌溉对棉花根区产生显著淋洗作用,高灌水定额处理淋洗的程度大于低灌水定额。W2T4处理相较于W1T4处理出苗时间提前4 d,出苗率增加13.33%,W2T0处理相较于W2T4处理出苗时间提前2 d,出苗率增加66.67%。W1T0处理株高、茎粗、叶面积相较于W1T1处理增加5.33%、35%、74.92%,W2T0处理株高、茎粗、叶面积相较于W1T0处理增加1.27%、14.81%、18.78%,W2T1处理株高、茎粗、叶面积相较于W2T0处理增加56.25%、6.45%、56.48%。针对电导率和棉花出苗率进行关系拟合,得出棉花出苗时期耐盐阈值为土壤含盐质量分数0.56%。在W1灌水定额下,随初始土壤含盐量增大幼苗生长呈现下降的趋势,在W2灌水定额下,随初始土壤含盐量增大幼苗生长呈现先增大后减小的规律。在盐渍土条件下,提高灌水定额,可以合理调控水盐分布,减轻盐分对棉花萌发及幼苗生长的影响。In order to explore the change characteristics of soil water and salt,cotton seedling emergence rate,and seedling growth under different initial soil salinity and irrigation quota conditions,through barrel planting test,two irrigation quotas for seedling emergence were set as 168.8 m^(3)/(hm^(2) times)(W1) and 225.0 m^(3)/(hm^(2) times)(W2),five initial soil salt content values were as 0.05%(T0,0.45 mS/cm),0.2%(T1,1.79 mS/cm),0.4%(T2,3.58 mS/cm),0.6%(T3,5.37 mS/cm),0.8%(T4,7.16 mS/cm),10 treatments in total,to study the effects of water and salt distribution in drip irrigation cotton fields on the emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter,and leaf area of seedlings under different treatments.The results showed that:the emergence of water irrigation had a significant leaching effect on the root zone of cotton,and the degree of leaching was more significant in the high irrigation quota than in the low irrigation quota.Compared with the W1T4 treatment,the emergence time of the W2T4 treatment was four days earlier,and the emergence rate was increased by 13.33%.Compared with the W2T4treatment,the emergence time of the W2T0 treatment was two days earlier,and the emergence rate was increased by 66.67%.The plant height,stem diameter,and leaf area of the W1T0 treatment were increased by 5.33%,35%,and 74.92%compared with the W1T1 treatment,those of the W2T0 treatment were increased by 1.27%,14.81%,and 18.78%compared with W1T0 treatment,and those of W2T1 treatment were increased by 56.25%,6.45%,and 56.48%compared with W2T0 treatment.The relationship between electrical conductivity and cotton emergence rate was fitted,and it was concluded that the salt tolerance threshold of cotton emergence was 0.56%of the soil salt content.Under the W1 irrigation quota,the growth of the seedlings showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the initial soil salinity.Under the W2irrigation quota,the growth of the seedlings first increased and then decreased with the increase of the initial soil salinity.Under saline soil conditions,increa

关 键 词：初始土壤含盐量 灌水定额 出苗率 滴灌 棉花 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]