木质膜的制备、改性及其膜过滤应用进展  

Preparation and Modification of Wood Membraneand Its Application Progress in Membrane Filtration

作　　者：孙怡然[1] 马肖雨 于飞 马杰[1,3] SUN Yiran;MA Xiaoyu;YU Fei;MA Jie(Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境功能材料研究中心,上海200092 [2]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [3]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2023年第1期54-63,共10页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21777118)。

摘　　要：木材独特的三维多孔结构可有效截留水中的多数杂质,并且资源丰富、价格低廉,是一种理想的膜过滤材料;对天然木材进行改性可进一步提高其过滤效率、拓宽应用范围。上述特性使木质膜在同类材料中具有明显的竞争优势,因此受到了膜过滤领域的广泛关注。然而目前尚未有关于木质膜的制备和应用的系统综述。从木材的结构出发,对木材的输水结构和化学组分进行详细介绍,并着重分析木材的结构组分特性与其膜过滤性能的关系,之后分类总结木质膜的制备与改性方法(脱木素、金属粒子修饰、醚化/酯化、碳化),并从除菌、重金属离子吸附与有机污染物去除3个方面总结了木质膜在膜分离领域的应用,最后对木质膜在膜过滤领域的应用前景进行分析和展望。Wood has unique three-dimensional porous structure that allows it to effectively reject most impurities in water. Coupled with its low cost and extensive sources, wood has been an ideal membrane filtration material. Moreover, modification of natural wood can greatly improve its filtration efficiency. The above properties endowed wood with obvious competitive advantages among similar materials, and attracted wide attention in membrane filtration field. However, no literature has systematically reviewed the preparation methods of wood membranes and their application progress in membrane filtration. Therefore, based on the structure of wood, this article introduced the water transport structure and chemical composition of wood, and analyzed the relationship between the structure characteristics of wood and its membrane filtration performance. The four modification methods of wood membrane, namely delignification treatment, metal nanoparticles decoration, etherification/esterification modification and carbonization modification were summarized. The application of wood membrane, i.e., bacteria removal, adsorption of heavy metals, and removal of organic pollutants, in membrane separation was introduced. Finally, the prospect of wood membrane in the field of membrane filtration was analyzed.

关 键 词：木质膜 制备 改性 过滤 分离 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]