美国《反海外腐败法》域外适用的制度镜鉴  

Institutional Enlightment from the Extraterritorial Application of the U.S.Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

作　　者：郭镇源 Guo Zhenyuan(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第2期91-103,共13页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(项目编号:20&ZD202)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国《反海外腐败法》通过扩张其管辖权获得了广泛的域外效力。其全球腐败治理的初衷具备合理性,也直接推动了全球范围内企业合规制度的发展,但是其对国内管制放松与域外管辖扩张的矛盾引发诸多批判,在晚近的中美贸易争端中也成为美国政府基于长臂管辖制裁、威胁中国企业海外运营的重要手段。党的二十大报告指出,要加强涉外领域立法,统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治建设,这要求我们加快构建中国法的域外适用体系,更好维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。因此,我国不仅需要以企业合规建设和阻断法为主的直接应对方式,还需构建相应的中国法域外适用制度这一间接应对方式。在构建我国的反海外腐败法律体系中,应秉持开放性与谦抑性结合的涉外法治发展的价值取向,在立法上赋予我国法律一定的域外效力,在执法上加强执法机构的协调并采取鼓励举报人的制度,在司法上注重和解程序的建设。The U.S.Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA)has gained extensive extraterritorial effect through expanding its exterritorial jurisdiction.Its initial purpose of the global corruption governance were reasonable,and directly promoted the development of the global corporate compliance system.However,the contradiction between the deregulation of domestic controls and the expansion of extraterritorial jurisdiction have also generated criticisms world widely.The FCPA has become an important tool for the U.S.government to sanction and threaten the overseas operations of Chinese Companies based on long-arm jurisdiction in the recent Sino-US China trade war.The report of the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen legislation in foreign-related fields,and coordinate the construction of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law.The overall promotion of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law requires the construction of extraterritorial application system of Chinese law,in order to better safeguard China’s sovereignty,security,and development interests.Therefore,China not only needs the direct response method based on the enterprise compliance construction and blocking law,but also need to construct the extraterritorial application system of Chinese law as the corresponding indirect response method.In the construction of China’s legal system against foreign corruption,China should uphold the foreign-related rule of law development value orientation of the combination of openness and modesty,give Chinese law certain extraterritorial effect in legislation,strengthen the coordination of law enforcement agencies and adopt a system of encouraging whistleblowers in law enforcement,and pay attention to the construction of reconciliation procedure in justice.

关 键 词：反海外腐败法 域外适用 管辖权 涉外法治 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]