施氮方式与添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对稻季NH_(3)挥发和N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application methods combined with urease/nitrification inhibitor on decreasing NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O emission in rice season

作　　者：曾科 王书伟[1,3] 朱文彬 田玉华[1] 尹斌 ZENG Ke;WANG Shu-wei;ZHU Wen-bin;TIAN Yu-hua;YIN Bin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Changshu,Jiangsu 215555,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,江苏常熟215555

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第2期220-231,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200104,2016YFC0207906)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析施肥方式及添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对稻田NH3挥发和N_(2)O排放的影响,基于稻田NH_(3)和N_(2)O减排的效果评价优化施肥措施的可行性。【方法】在太湖地区开展为期两年的稻季田间小区试验,供试脲酶抑制剂为N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制剂为对羟基苯丙酸甲酯(MHPP),用量为施氮量的1%。设置6个处理:1)不施氮肥对照(CK);2)表施尿素N 300 kg/hm^(2)(当地常规施肥,CN);3)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2(RNB);4)尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2),50%表施,50%深施(RND);5)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP(RNB+DI);6)尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP,50%表施,50%深施(RND+DI)。每次施肥后两周内,用密闭式抽气法监测稻田NH3挥发,在水稻生育期内用静态箱—气相色谱法监测稻田N2O排放。【结果】1) NH_(3)挥发主要发生在每次施氮后7天内,CN、RNB和RNB+DI处理基肥和分蘖肥施用后的NH3挥发量占总挥发量的86.63%~91.76%;稻季N_(2)O排放峰期主要出现在每次施肥后一周内和中期烤田期。2) RNB比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量29.69%~39.41%和N_(2)O排放总量13.43%~23.37%。3) RND比RNB处理可减少NH_(3)挥发总量53.50%~72.05%和N2O排放总量16.66%~23.43%。4) RNB+DI比RNB处理可减少NH3挥发总量9.57%~22.27%和N_(2)O排放总量8.77%~15.67%。5) RND+DI比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量76.89%~82.29%和N_(2)O排放总量37.98%~48.71%。【结论】尿素总氮投入减少25%,50%由撒施改为基肥深施,并添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂,可显著减少稻季NH3挥发和N2O总排放,特别是降低NH3挥发的效果更佳;将这3种措施组合集成的RND+DI处理减排效果最佳。该综合集成措施的实际操作性强,为在水稻生产上推广应用提供了技术支撑。【Objectives】NH3volatilization and N_(2)O emission from paddy fields were determined under different fertilization methods and urease/nitrification inhibitor addition,to optimize fertilization measures.【Methods】A two-year paddy field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region.The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide(NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate(MHPP) were applied at 1% urea-N.The six treatments include no N application(CK),broadcasted urea N at 300 kg/hm^(2)(conventional fertilization,CN),broadcasted urea N at 225 kg/hm^(2)(RNB),50% in deep urea N application at 225 kg/hm^(2)(RND),broadcasted urea N application at 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP(RNB+DI),and 50% in deep urea N placement at 225 kg/hm~2+NBPT+MHPP(RND+DI).The dynamic chamber technique was used to monitor NH3volatilization flux from the paddy field within two weeks after fertilization.The static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to monitor N_(2)O emission flux from paddy field across the rice season.【Results】1) The NH3volatilization lasted for 7 days after fertilization.The total NH3volatilization after broadcasting basal and tillering fertilizer accounted for 86.63%–91.76% of the total NH3volatilization.The N_(2)O emission flux peaks appeared after fertilization and halfway through aeration.2) Compared with the CN,RNB decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O emission by 29.69%–39.41% and 13.43%–23.37%,respectively.3) Compared with the broadcasted urea application(RNB),deep placement of urea(RND) decreased total NH3volatilization and N2O emission by 53.50%–72.05% and 16.66%–23.43%,respectively(P<0.05).4) Compared with RNB,RNB+DI decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission by 9.57%–22.27% and 8.77%–15.67%.5) Compared with CN,RND+DI(P<0.05) decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission by 76.89%–82.29% and 37.98%–48.71%.【Conclusions】NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission can be decreased by reducing the N application rate,N-fer

关 键 词：稻季 施氮量 氮肥深施 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 NH_(3)挥发 N_(2)O排放 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]