不同定位方法在新生儿血样本采集中的应用及对一针穿刺成功率、足跟瘀斑、疼痛的影响  

Application of different positioning methods in collecting neonatal blood samples and their influence on the success rate of one-needle puncture,heel ecchymosis and pain

作　　者：刘凤萍 LIU Fengping(Department of Pediatrics,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ruijin City,Jiangxi Province,Ruijin 342500,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省瑞金市妇幼保健院儿科,江西瑞金342500

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2023年第8期127-129,共3页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：江西省赣州市科技计划项目(GZ2021ZSF740)。

摘　　要：目的观察不同定位方法在新生儿血样本采集中的应用及对一针穿刺成功率、足跟瘀斑及疼痛的影响。方法选取2021年9月至2022年6月江西省瑞金市妇幼保健院儿科的115例新生儿作为研究对象进行回顾性研究,根据血样本采集定位方法不同分为观察组(60例)与对照组(55例)。对照组运用常规足跟两侧定位法进行穿刺,观察组采用三角形定位法进行足跟穿刺。比较两组一针穿刺成功率、足跟瘀斑发生率、穿刺疼痛程度评分以及两组新生儿采血所需时间、血标本直径、血标本合格率。结果两组的一针穿刺成功率、足跟瘀斑发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的血标本合格率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的采血所需时间短于对照组,血标本直径大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用三角形定位法进行足跟穿刺对提高新生儿血样本采集时一针穿刺成功率及降低足跟瘀斑发生率有一定效果,可显著增大血标本直径,缩短采血时间,减轻针刺时新生儿疼痛不适,值得临床借鉴。Objective To observe the application of different positioning methods in collecting neonatal blood samples,and their influence on the success rate of one-needle puncture,heel ecchymosis and pain.Methods A total of 115 neonates admitted to Department of Pediatrics,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ruijin City,Jiangxi Province from September 2021 to June 2022 were included in this retrospective study.They were divided into observation group(60 cases)and control group(55 cases)according to different positioning methods.Blood samples of the control group were collected by conventional heel bilateral positioning method,and those of the observation group were collected by triangular positioning method.The success rate of one-needle puncture,the incidence of heel ecchymosis,puncture pain score,the time required for blood collection,diameter of blood sample,and qualification rate of blood samples were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the success rate of one-needle puncture and the incidence of petechia in the heel between the two groups(P>0.05).The pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of blood samples between the two groups(P>0.05).The time required for blood collection in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,and the diameter of blood sample was larger than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Heel puncture by triangle positioning method can improve the success rate of one-needle puncture and reduce the incidence of heel ecchymosis during the collection of neonatal blood samples.Meanwhile,it can significantly increase the diameter of blood sample,shorten blood collection time,and relieve pain and discomfort.

关 键 词：定位方法 新生儿 血样本采集 一针穿刺成功率 足跟瘀斑 穿刺疼痛 

分 类 号：R473.72[医药卫生—护理学]