不同砂滤料暗管排水对水稻生长及土壤盐分的影响  

Effects of subsurface drainage with different sand filters on rice growth and soil salinity

作　　者：刘嘉斌 田军仓[1,2,3] 杨振峰 李丹丹 LIU Jia-bin;TIAN Jun-cang;YANG Zhen-feng;LI Dan-dan(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第1期65-72,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51869024);宁夏重点研发计划重大项目(2018BBF02022);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：为探究盐碱地不同砂滤料暗管排水对水稻生长和土壤盐分的影响,以水稻秋优88为试验材料,设细砂粒(F1)、细砂粒和细碎石1∶2(质量比)混合(F2)、细碎石(F3)3种暗管砂滤料,分析不同暗管砂滤料处理对水稻生长、产量、水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力及土壤电导率的影响。结果表明,F2处理有利于0~60.0 cm土壤排盐,改善水稻根系环境,对水稻生长及产量促进效果最为明显。F2处理下,水稻拔节期叶片SPAD值较F1、F3处理分别提高10.24%、8.67%,抽穗期叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率均高于F1、F3处理,稻谷产量较F1、F3处理分别提高21.82%、15.29%;在试验末期,F2处理0~60.0 cm各土层电导率均显著低于F1、F3处理,其中F2处理0~20.0、20.1~40.0、40.1~60.0 cm的土壤脱盐率分别为68.72%、58.82%、45.96%,脱盐率显著高于F1、F3处理。所以,在土壤重度盐碱化地区,选用细砂粒和细碎石1∶2(质量比)混合作为暗管排水砂滤料有利于降低土壤盐分,提高水稻产量。In order to explore the effects of subsurface drainage with different sand filter materials on rice growth and soil salinity in saline-alkali soil,Qiuyou 88 was used as the experimental material,and three kinds of subsurface drainage sand filter materials were designed,including fine sand(F1),fine sand and fine gravel 1∶2 mixture(F2)and fine gravel(F3).The effects of different subsurface drainage sand filter materials on rice growth,yield,water use efficiency,fertilizer partial productivity and soil conductivity were analyzed.The results showed that the stable filter layer of F2 treatment was beneficial to 0-60.0 cm soil desalinization,improved rice root environment,and promoted rice growth and yield.Under F2 treatment,the SPAD value of rice leaves at jointing stage was 10.24%and 8.67%higher than that of F1 and F3 treatments,respectively.The net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of leaves at heading stage were higher than those of F1 and F3 treatments,and rice yield was 21.82%and 15.29%higher than that of F1 and F3 treatments,respectively.At the end of the experiment,the electrical conductivity of 0-60.0 cm soil layers in F2 treatment was significantly lower than that in F1 and F3 treatments,the soil desalination rates of 0-20.0 cm,20.1-40.0 cm and 40.1-60.0 cm in F2 treatment were 68.72%,58.82%and 45.96%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in F1 and F3 treatments.Therefore,in areas with severe soil salinization,the use of 1∶2 mixture of fine sand and fine gravel as subsurface drainage sand filter is conducive to reducing soil salinity and improving rice yield.

关 键 词：盐碱地 暗管排水 砂滤料 水稻 

分 类 号：S156.46[农业科学—土壤学]