基于分期播种法的冬季塑料大棚5种叶菜生育特性及产量效益分析  

Analysis of growth characteristics, yield and economic benefits of five kinds of leaf vegetables in winter plastic greenhouse based on staged sowing

作　　者：黄嘉俊 张亚红[1,2] 周娟 葛静 HUANG Jia-jun;ZHANG Ya-hong;ZHOU Juan;GE Jing(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Food and Wine,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学食品与葡萄酒学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第1期160-168,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2021YDDF0010)。

摘　　要：为探究宁夏地区桥式塑料大棚叶菜安全越冬的合适播期,以5种半耐寒叶菜为供试材料,分析比较其生育期内环境因子以及叶菜生育特性、品质、产量和经济效益,应用隶属函数进行综合评价,筛选出各种叶菜的最适宜播期。结果表明:冬季棚内最低气温为-4.4℃(大于5种叶菜生长所需最低温度),宁夏地区桥式大棚内叶菜可越冬,5种叶菜均在第5播期(1月10日)的生育期最短,第1播期(12月1日)部分品质略优于其他播期,但产量和经济效益在第2播期(12月11日)整体较高。综合评价结果显示,宁夏地区冬季桥式塑料大棚内芫荽、菠菜、油菜、苔菜和苦菊安全越冬的最适播期分别是12月11日、12月11日、12月21日、12月21日和12月11日。To explore the appropriate sowing time for safe overwintering of leaf vegetables in bridge-like plastic greenhouse in Ningxia area,five kinds of semi-cold-tolerant leaf vegetables were used as test materials.Environmental factors during the growth period of leaf vegetables and their growth characteristics,quality,yield and economic benefits were analyzed and compared.Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function to screen out the most suitable sowing date for different leaf vegetables.The results showed that the minimum temperature in winter greenhouse was-4.4℃(higher than the minimum temperature required for the growth of five leaf vegetables),and leaf vegetables in bridge-like greenhouses in Ningxia area could live through the winter.Five kinds of leaf vegetables all showed the shortest growth period at the fifth sowing date(January 10 ^(th)).Part of the qualities of leaf vegetables during the first sowing date(December 1^( st))was slightly better than other sowing dates.However,the overall yield and economic benefits of the second sowing date(December 11 ^(th))were high.According to the comprehensive evaluation results,the optimum sowing times for safe overwintering of coriander,spinach,rape,Chinese mustard cabbage and endive chrysanthemum in bridge-like plastic greenhouse of Ningxia area were December 11 ^(th),December 11 ^(th),December 21 ^(st),December 21 ^(st) and December 11^(th) respectively.

关 键 词：分期播种 桥式塑料大棚 越冬 叶菜 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]