黑龙江山区重点野生药用植物调查及易混品种辨析  

Investigation of Key Wild Medicinal Plants and Identification of Some Easily-confused Wild Medicinal Species in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：张喜武 张利 李秋晗 田莹莹 李洋 李梦聪 窦金金[2] ZHANG Xiwu;ZHANG Li;LI Qiuhan;TIAN Yingying;LI Yang;LI Mengcong;DOU Jinjin(Graduate School,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040;The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学研究生院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第3期1-9,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004);全国第四次中药资源普查黑龙江专项(2018hljzyzypc-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明黑龙江省山区野生重点药用植物的资源现状,为保护和合理开发利用重点野生药用植物资源及促进当地中药材产业高质量发展提供依据。【方法】采用系统分层抽样方法确定调查样地,野外调查与内业整理相结合对黑龙江省野生药用植物资源进行调查,将调查信息录入中药资源普查信息管理系统中,同时查阅《常见植物野外识别手册》《中药植物原色图鉴》等书籍从外观形态对易混淆的药用植物进行辨析。【结果】黑龙江省山区共有野生药用植物109科383属820种,其中,重点野生药用植物38科67属78种,主要分布在鸡西、双鸭山、牡丹江、七台河、佳木斯、鹤岗、富锦、黑河及哈尔滨等地;车前、益母草、蝙蝠葛及刺儿菜等19种药用植物分布广泛。重点野生药用植物以被子植物为主,有36科65属76种,分别占总科数的94.74%,总属数的97.01%,总种数的97.44%。药用部位主要以根及根茎类为主,共36种,占重点野生药用植物总种数的46.15%;其次为全草类,共有25种,占总种数的32.05%。药用功效主要以清热类为主,化痰止咳平喘类、祛风湿类、解表类次之。生活类型主要以多年生草本植物为主,有49种,占重点野生药用植物总种数的62.82%;其次为1年生草本植物,有17种,占21.79%。【结论】黑龙江省山区重点野生药用植物资源种类较丰富、分布广泛、综合利用价值大。【Objective】The current status of key wild medicinal plants resources in mountainous areas of Heilongjiang Province is analysed to provide the basis for protection,development and utilization of key wild medicinal plants resources and high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials industry in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】The sample plots are determined by using the systematic stratified sampling method.The key wild medicinal plants resources are investigated by field survey and indoor collation and the investigated information is recorded in the general survey information management system of traditional Chinese medicine resources.The easily-confused medicinal plants are identified from the appearance morphology by referring to A Photogra phic Guide to Plants of China and Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Medicinal Plants.【Result】There are 820 species of wild medicinal plants belonging to 383 genera,109 families in Heilongjiang Province and 78 species of key wild medicinal plants belonging to 67 genera,38 families are distributed in Jixi,Shuangyashan,Mudanjiang,Qitaihe,Jiamusi,Hegang,Fujin,Heihe,Harbin and so on.19 species of medicinal plants including Plantago asiatica,Leonurus japonicas,Menispermum dauricum,Cirsium setosum are widely distributed in Heilongjiang Province.The key wild medicinal plants are angiosperms mainly with 76 species,65 genera and 36 families account for 97.44%of total species,97.01%of total genera and 94.74%of total families respectively.36 species with medicinal function of roots and tubers and 25 herb species account for 46.15%and 32.05%of total key wild medicinal plant species separately.The medicinal functions are clearing heat,eliminating phlegm and relieving cough and asthma and expelling wind-damp mainly,followed by relieving exterior syndrome.49 species of perennial herbs and 17 species of annual herbs account for 62.82%and 21.79%of total key wild medicinal plant species respectively.【Conclusion】The key wild medicinal plants resources with the hig

关 键 词：野生药用植物 中药材 资源普查 黑龙江 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]