哈茨木霉与腐殖酸肥配施对烤烟质量和植烟土壤特性的影响  

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum Combined with Humic Acid Fertilizer on Tobacco Quality and Tobacco-growing Soil Properties

作　　者：牛莉莉 贾晓果 吴疆 刘流 刘园 陈晨 王楠楠 程玉渊 张常兴 李倩 NIU Lili;JIA Xiaoguo;WU Jiang;LIU Liu;LIU Yuan;CHEN Chen;WANG Nannan;CHENG Yuyuan;ZHANG Changxing;LI Qian(Nanyang Tobacco Company,Henan Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司南阳市公司,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第3期44-52,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司南阳市公司重点科技项目“南阳烟区上部叶耐熟性提升和配套烘烤技术研究”(NYYCKJ201901),“南阳烟区植烟土壤改良技术研究与应用”(NYYC2017001);河南省烟草公司南阳市公司管理创新项目“基地单元定制化生产管理模式探索与应用”(NYYCGL2020014)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明哈茨木霉与腐殖酸肥配施对烤烟质量和植烟土壤特性的影响,为优质烤烟原料生产提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,以单施哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)为对照(CK),研究哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)+腐殖酸肥225 kg/hm^(2)、哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)+腐殖酸肥450 kg/hm^(2)和哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)+腐殖酸肥675 kg/hm^(2)对烤烟质量和植烟土壤特性的影响。【结果】与CK比,哈茨木霉+腐殖酸肥处理可有效提高烤烟农艺性状,降低根腐病发病率,改善中部叶化学成分协调性,提高烤后烟叶经济效益,促进烟株对土壤养分的吸收,提高土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。其中,哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)+腐殖酸肥450 kg/hm^(2)处理烤烟团棵期和现蕾期的株高、平均叶面积均达最大,分别为41.33 cm、398.87 cm^(2)和103.11 cm、828.23 cm^(2);中部叶的钾含量最高,达1.46%,两糖比和氮碱比更加协调,分别为0.92和0.85;产量为2124.75 kg/hm^(2),均价、产值和上等烟比例均达最大,分别为30.12元/kg、63997.50元/hm^(2)和64.93%;除土壤有机质外,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均达最大,分别为135.14 mg/kg、24.97 mg/kg和264.69 mg/kg;脱氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性较高,分别为0.08 mg TPF/(g·d)、0.85 mg NH_(4)^(+)-N/(g·d)和27.63 mg glucose/(g·d),过氧化氢酶活性最高,为15.38 mL KMnO 4/(g·d)。【结论】烤烟生长以施用哈茨木霉2 kg/hm^(2)+腐殖酸肥450 kg/hm^(2)的效果最优。【Objective】The effects of Trichoderma harzianum combined with humic acid fertilizer on tobacco quality and tobacco-growing soil properties are explored to provide a reference for raw material production of quality tobacco.【Method】The effects of 2 kg/hm^(2)T.harzianum(CK),2 kg/hm^(2)T.harzianum+225 kg/hm^(2)humic acid fertilizer(T_(1)),2 kg/hm^(2)T.harzianum+450 kg/hm^(2)humic acid fertilizer(T_(2))and 2 kg/hm^(2)T.harzianum+675 kg/hm^(2)humic acid fertilizer(T_(3))on tobacco quality and tobacco-growing soil properties are studied by a single-factor randomized block design.【Result】Applying T.harzianum and humic acid fertilizer can effectively improve agronomic traits of tobacco,reduce morbidity of tobacco root rot,enhance harmony of chemical components of the middle tobacco leaves,increase economic benefit of the cured tobacco,promote absorption of tobacco plants to soil nutrients and increase activity of soil dehydrogenase,urease,sucrose and catalase compared with CK.The plant height and average leaf area of T_(2)at rosette stage and flower budding stage reach 41.33 cm and 398.87 cm^(2),and 103.11 cm and 828.23 cm^(2)respectively.The K content in the middle leaves of T_(2)is the highest(1.46%).The TS/RS and nitrogen/nicotine ratio of T_(2)is up to 0.92 and 0.85 respectively.The yield,average price,output value and first-class tobacco proportion of T_(2)are 2124.75 kg/hm 2,30.12 Yuan/kg,63997.50 Yuan/hm^(2)and 64.93%separately.The content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of T_(2)is 135.14 mg/kg,24.97 mg/kg and 264.69 mg/kg respectively.The soil dehydrogenase,urease,sucrose and catalase activity of T_(2)reaches 0.08 mg TPF/(g·d),0.85 mg NH_(4)^(+)-N/(g·d),27.63 mg glucose/(g·d)and 15.38 mL KMnO_(4)/(g·d)respectively.【Conclusion】Applying 2 kg/hm^(2)T.harzianum+450 kg/hm^(2)humic acid fertilizer has the best effects on tobacco quality,yield,economic benefit and soil properties.

关 键 词：腐殖酸肥 哈茨木霉 烤烟 根腐病 产质量 土壤特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]