银川市兴庆区24种中药材中重金属残留检测分析及健康风险评估  

Residue analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in 24 Chinese medicinal materials in Xingqing District of Yinchuan City

作　　者：王焱 秦佳琪 周同宁 赵思源 曹德艳 朱美霖 WANG Yan;QIN Jia-qi;ZHOU Tong-ning;ZHAO Si-yuan;CAO De-yan;ZHU Mei-lin(School of Public Health and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Ningxia Yinchuan,750004,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control,Ningxia Medical University,Ningxia Yinchuan,750004,China;School of Basic Medicine,Ningxia Medical University,Ningxia Yinchuan,750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,宁夏银川750004 [2]宁夏医科大学环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [3]宁夏医科大学基础医学院,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第1期33-38,42,共7页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21966025,21667023);教育部春晖计划项目(Z2016068)。

摘　　要：目的对市面上常见的24种中药材中的6种重金属[砷(arsenic,As)、铜(copper,Cu)、镉(cadmium,Cd)、铅(lead,Pb)、铬(chromium,Cr)和镍(nickel,Ni)]残留检测并进行健康风险评估。方法对2020年内采集的银川市面常见的24种重金属采用电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer,ICP-OES)法测定其中的6种重金属含量,依据WM/T 2—2004《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》和2015版《中华人民共和国药典(一部)》中的限量标准进行分析。按照健康风险评估的理论,逐步分析上述重金属对人体的健康风险。结果各元素呈现良好的线性关系(r>0.999),回收率在80%~120%,表明该方法准确可靠。重金属检测表明,干姜中As元素含量最高,为1.183 mg/kg,无超标样品;泽泻中Cu元素含量最高,为15.962 mg/kg,无超标样品;Pb含量最高的是防己,为4.606 mg/kg,未检出超标样品;Cd元素百合中含量最高,为1.436 mg/kg,超标率为23.4%;Cr元素菊花中含量最高,为15.386 mg/kg,超标率为64.7%;Ni元素含量最高是金银花,为4.689 mg/kg,超标率为28.6%。单独分析各元素,6种重金属的HI值均<1,对人体健康影响较小;分析综合危害指数,所有中药材受到的重金属污染程度不同,其健康风险次序依次是金银花>干姜>百合>菊花>川穹>泽泻>白术>白芨>党参>当归>浙贝母>甘草>胖大海>葛根>白芷>人参>防己>白芍>天麻>怀牛膝>姜半夏>山药>天花粉>天冬。结论基于摄入量的健康风险评估方法,对24种中药材中的重金属评估分析更加合理准确,但对Cr、Ni 2种元素在中药材中进行计算的标准限量值仍需进一步研究。Objective To determine the six heavy metals[arsenic(As),copper(Cu),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),chromium(Cr)and nickel(Ni)]in 24 Chinese medicinal materials,conduct the health risk assessment.Methods The 24 kinds of heavy metals commonly found in the Yinchuan market collected during 2020 were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)method to determine the content of six kinds of heavy metals.The data were analyzed according to WM/T 2-2004 the Green trade standards of importing and exporting medicinal plants and preparations and the 2015 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia(part one).According to the theory of health risk assessment,the health risk of heavy metals to human body was analyzed step by step.Results Each element presented a good linear relationship(r>0.999),the recovery rates were 80%-120%,indicating that the method was accurate and reliable.The detection of heavy metals showed that the content of As in Dried ginger was up to 1.183 mg/kg,and there were no samples that exceeded the standard.The content of Cu in Alisma orientalis was the highest(15.962 mg/kg),and there were no samples that exceeded the standard.The content of Pb in Stephania tetrandrawas the highest(4.606 mg/kg),and there were no samples that exceeded the standard.The content of Cd in Lily the highest(1.436 mg/kg),with the exceeding rate of 23.4%.The content of Cr in Chrysanthemum the highest(15.386 mg/kg),with the exceeding rate of64.7%.The content of Ni in Honeysuckle the highest(4.689 mg/kg),with the exceeding rate of 28.6%.The elements were analyzed separately,the HI value of six heavy metals was<1,which had little effect on human health.The analysis of comprehensive hazard index showed that the all Chinese medicinal materials are polluted by different levels of heavy metals,and the order of health risk was Honeysuckle>Ginger>Lily>Chrysanthemum>Rhizoma Chuanxiong>Alisma orientalis>Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae>Bletilla striata>Radix et Rhizoma codonopsis>Chinses angelica>Rhizoma et Radix fritillaria

关 键 词：中药材 重金属检测 电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法 重金属污染 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]