香山开源高性能RISC-V处理器设计与实现  

XiangShan Open-Source High Performance RISC-V Processor Design and Implementation

作　　者：王凯帆 徐易难 余子濠 唐丹[1,3] 陈国凯 陈熙 勾凌睿 胡轩 金越 李乾若 李昕 蔺嘉炜 刘彤 刘志刚[1] 王华强 王诲喆 张传奇 张发旺 张林隽 张紫飞 张梓悦 赵阳洋 周耀阳 邹江瑞 蔡晔 郇丹丹[6] 李祖松 赵继业 何伟 孙凝晖 包云岗[1,2] Wang Kaifan;Xu Yinan;Yu Zihao;Tang Dan;Chen Guokai;Chen Xi;Gou Lingrui;Hu Xuan;Jin Yue;Li Qianruo;Li Xin;Lin Jiawei;Liu Tong;Liu Zhigang;Wang Huaqiang;Wang Huizhe;Zhang Chuanqi;Zhang Fawang;Zhang Linjuan;Zhang Zifei;Zhang Ziyue;Zhao Yangyang;Zhou Yaoyang;Zou Jiangrui;Cai Ye;Huan Dandan;Li Zusong;Zhao Jiye;He Wei;Sun Ninghui;Bao Yungang(State Key Lab of Processors(Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Beijing 100190;School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Beijing Institute of Open Source Chip,Beijing 100080;Peng Cheng Laboratory,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055;College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060;Beijing VCore Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]处理器芯片全国重点实验室(中国科学院计算技术研究所),北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100049 [3]北京开源芯片研究院,北京100080 [4]鹏城实验室,广东深圳518055 [5]深圳大学计算机与软件学院,广东深圳518060 [6]北京微核芯技术有限公司,北京100190

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2023年第3期476-493,共18页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(C类)(XDC05030200);国家自然科学基金重大项目(62090022)。

摘　　要：近年来以RISC-V为代表的开源指令集引领了开源处理器的设计潮流.然而,目前国内外的开源处理器性能尚未满足学术界和工业界的需求.为填补空白,香山处理器项目启动.香山是一款开源高性能RISC-V处理器,采用6发射超标量乱序执行设计,目前在著名开源项目托管平台GitHub上获得超过3200个星标(Star),形成超过400个分支(Fork),成为国际上最热门的开源硬件项目之一,得到国内外企业和研究者的积极支持.香山处理器在近两年时间中历经两代版本演进,第一代“雁栖湖”微架构已经成功流片,回片性能符合预期;第二代“南湖”微架构已进入最后的优化迭代阶段,即将投片,据已知消息,其仿真评估性能在当前开源处理器中排名第一.主要讨论香山前两代微架构的实现细节与设计演进,并系统介绍开发香山过程中的各类挑战与经验.In recent years,the open-source instruction set architecture represented by RISC-V,has led the trend of open-source processors.However,the performance of these open-source processors is not enough to meet the needs of researchers in academia and developers in industry.To fill in the gap,we launch XiangShan project.XiangShan is an open-source high performance RISC-V processor.It features six-width-issue superscalar out-of-order design.XiangShan has earned over 3200 stars and 400 forks on the famous open-source hosting platform GitHub,becoming one of the most popular open-source hardware projects in the world.The project also receives great support from companies and researchers all around the world.XiangShan project has been developed for over two years with two stable generations.The first generation called Yanqihu micro-architecture has been successfully taped out,and the performance of the real chip is in line with our expectation.The second generation called Nanhu micro-architecture has entered the final optimization stage.It will be taped out soon.To the best of our knowledge,Nanhu microarchitecture achieves the highest performance among all open-source processors.This paper mainly introduces the first two generations of XiangShan processor,focusing on the design details and evolution of micro-architecture.The challenges and experiences during the development of XiangShan are discussed systematically.

关 键 词：RISC-V 高性能处理器 开源 芯片设计 敏捷开发 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]