农业机械化水平对中国粮食生产技术效率的空间溢出效应研究——基于农机跨区作业视角  

Research on the spatial spillover effect of the level of agricultural mechanization on the technical efficiency of grain production in China:Based on the perspective of agricultural machinery cross-regional operation

作　　者：谢冬梅 汪希成[2] 伍骏骞 Xie Dongmei;Wang Xicheng;Wu Junqian(Sichuan Vocational College of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,610101,China;Institute of Western China Economic Research,Southwest University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川财经职业学院,成都市610101 [2]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院,成都市611130

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第3期223-231,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BJY133);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJA790069)。

摘　　要：提升农业机械化水平是落实国家“藏粮于技”战略中的重要一环,利用1998—2020年中国31个省(市、区)的面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型,研究农业机械化水平对粮食生产技术效率的直接影响和空间溢出效应。研究发现:第一,农业机械化水平对粮食生产技术效率具有显著的空间溢出效应,在其他影响因素不变的情况下,其他地区粮食生产技术效率加权值每提升1%,本地粮食生产技术效率提升约0.579%;第二,从不同农机类型来看,农业机械化水平对粮食生产技术效率的空间溢出效应主要通过大中型农机实现,影响系数为0.252;第三,农业机械化水平对粮食生产机械效率的空间溢出效应存在于不同经纬度之间,在水稻跨区作业省份中,农业机械化水平对粮食生产技术效率的空间溢出效应为0.027。因此,提出通过进一步优化农机跨区作业机型、改进粮食品种、提升田间管理技术等方式扩大不同地区粮食作物的种植、生长和收获时间差,为农机跨区作业创造条件,实现资源效益最大化。The improvement of agricultural mechanization level is an important part of the implementation of the national strategy of“food crop production based on technological application”.This paper uses the panel data of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 1998 to 2020 and uses the spatial Dubin model to study the direct impact of agricultural mechanization level on the technical efficiency of grain production and the spatial spillover effects.The research showed that:Firstly,the level of agricultural mechanization has a significant spatial spillover effect on the technical efficiency of grain production.Under the condition that other factors remain unchanged,the weighted value of the technical efficiency of grain production in other regions will increase by about 0.579% for every 1% increase in the local technical efficiency of grain production.Secondly,from the perspective of different types of agricultural machinery,the spatial spillover effect of agricultural mechanization on the technical efficiency of grain production is mainly realized by large and medium-sized agricultural machinery,with an impact coefficient of 0.252.Thirdly,the spatial spillover effect of agricultural mechanization level on the efficiency of grain production machinery exists between different longitudes and latitudes.In the rice cross-regional operation provinces,the spatial spillover effect of agricultural mechanization level on the technical efficiency of grain production is 0.027.Therefore,this paper proposes to expand the time difference between planting,growth and harvesting of grain crops in different regions by further optimizing cross-regional operation models of agricultural machinery,improving grain varieties,and improving field management techniques,so as to create conditions for cross-regional operations of agricultural machinery and maximize resource benefits.

关 键 词：农业机械化水平 粮食生产技术效率 空间溢出效应 农机跨区作业 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]