克分子线·分子线·逃逸线:论《衰落》与英国绅士传统  

Molar Line, Molecular Line, Line of Flight:On Decline and Fall and the Tradition of the English Gentleman

作　　者：林武凯 LIN Wukai(School of Foreign Languages,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学外国语学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期136-143,共8页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(16BWW067)。

摘　　要：伊夫林·沃在《衰落》中着力刻画20世纪英国绅士形象,但现有研究忽略了一个悖论:为何一向恪守绅士规范的保罗和普伦德格斯盛赞被视为“无赖”的格莱姆斯,直言“无赖可以是杰出人物”“格莱姆斯是不朽的”?以德勒兹欲望哲学观之,可发现小说中绅士与“反绅士”的对立象征着资本主义道德束缚与欲望释放的矛盾,并体现于这三个无产者对绅士道德规范的不同态度。小说结尾,绅士对“反绅士”的赞赏传递出无产者的觉醒:绅士规范已然异化为资本主义压迫的工具,是社会强加于无产者的道德枷锁,而“反绅士”这一颠覆绅士传统的形象表面上违背公序良俗,实质上传递出无产者奋力挣脱这一枷锁、释放内在欲望的生命力量。The existing interpretations concerning the image of the English gentleman in Evelyn Waugh’s Decline and Fall have largely neglected the paradox that Grimes, the “bounder”, is acclaimed as “a capital fellow” and even “the immortal” by two gentlemen, Paul and Prendergast. By drawing upon Deleuze’s philosophy of desire, it can be discovered that the antithesis between the gentleman and the “anti-gentleman” in the novel represents the conflict between the capitalist moral constraint and the desire release, and is embodied in the three proletarians’ differing attitudes towards the gentlemanly norm. At the end of the novel, the two gentlemen’s compliments on Grimes, the “anti-gentleman”, indicate the awakening of the proletariat: The gentlemanly norm has been abused as a tool of capitalist oppression and moral bondage. Thus, the “anti-gentleman”, apparently going against social morality, symbolizes the proletariat’s life force to break free from the bondage and release desire.

关 键 词：伊夫林·沃 《衰落》 绅士 欲望 资本主义 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]