带薪年休假的法律属性及实施机制  

Legal Attribute and Implementation Mechanism of Paid Annual Leave

作　　者：王显勇 Wang Xianyong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第3期161-177,共17页Law Science

基　　金：中华全国总工会委托课题“劳动法典编纂研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现行带薪年休假法律制度属于特别私法性质的劳动保护法,立基于劳动者带薪年休假权的私权建构,依托于行政机关介入劳动争议的实施机制。带薪年休假被定义为劳动者私权的认识存在偏差,行政实施机制设置存在错位,导致带薪年休假无法有效实现。带薪年休假具有劳动基准和债权请求权的双重法律属性。带薪年休假基准是用人单位对国家所负担的公法义务,无法转化为替代性经济补偿的私法义务。我国应当实行带薪年休假必休原则,通过行政执法机制来确保带薪年休假基准得以实现。带薪年休假基准具有私法效力,其经由劳动合同转化为带薪年休假权。带薪年休假请求权是附法定生效条件的选择之债,其在权利生成阶段属于附法定生效条件的请求权,在履行期日确立阶段属于法定的选择之债。带薪年休假请求权以实际给假为给付内容,通过劳动争议处理、行政调解、工会帮助实施等多元实施机制予以实现。The current legal system of paid annual leave which belongs to special private law,is based on the construction of the private right of workers'paid annual leave,and it relies on the implementation mechanism of administrative intervention in labor disputes by the labor administrative department.This system stems from the cognitive bias of the nature of paid annual leave and the dislocation of administrative implementation,and is leading to the unavailability of paid annual leave.Paid annual leave has the dual attributes of labor standard and contractual claim.As a labor standard,paid annual leave is a mandatory public obligation which cannot be converted into the private obligation by means of alternative monetary compensation.The principle that paid annual leave must be taken should be established,and administrative enforcement mechanism should be established to realize the labor standard of paid annual leave through administrative liabilities.The labor standard law has the effect of private law.The labor standard of paid annual leave can enter into the labor contract through the complementary and alternative effects,and become a conditional contractual obligation.Paid annual leave claim should be based on the two-stage theory:it is a statutory claim with effective conditions in the first stage of right-generation,and it belongs to a statutory optional claim in the second stage of right-performance.The substance of paid annual leave claim is to take actual paid annual leave,and multiple implementation mechanisms such as labor dispute settlement,administrative mediation and union assistance,should be adopted to protect paid annual leave.

关 键 词：带薪年休假 劳动基准 债权请求权 行政执法 劳动法 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]