中国开发区招商引资:基本逻辑与现实选择  

Investment Promotion in China Development Zones:The Basic Logic and Realistic Choices

作　　者：陈强远 赵浩云 叶杨 CHEN Qiangyuan;ZHAO Haoyun;YE Yang(National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China;School of Business,Central South University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院 [2]中南大学商学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第3期5-27,共23页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073093);中国人民大学科学研究基金面上项目(21XNA008);国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD118)的资助。

摘　　要：作为区域协调的重要政策抓手和资源空间配置的典型组织形式,开发区通过招商引资吸引要素、企业和项目入驻,成为产业集聚空间载体和高质量发展核心引擎,是中国最为重要和成功的区域发展战略之一。基于中国开发区招商引资的基本逻辑与特征事实,以及“国家-城市-开发区”层面测度数据,本文从产业属性、企业特征、集聚理论、产业链布局等视角实证检验了中国开发区招商引资的理论逻辑与现实偏好。研究发现,从产业属性来看,开发区招商引资既重视国家和地区战略规划的引领作用,还注重国家和地区产业禀赋的现实基础;从企业属性来看,开发区招商引资时倾向于选择产值高、技术创新强、外向型的企业,而非税收与就业创造强的企业;从集聚理论来看,开发区偏向于选择集聚外部性较强产业的企业;从产业链布局来看,开发区招商引资既强调围绕现有产业链环节以巩固现有优势,也强调向产业链上下游延伸以发挥产业链竞争优势。本文认为,开发区招商引资时强调国家和地区战略规划引领、注重现实产业基础、依据集聚外部性理论、重视企业竞争优势、围绕产业链固链延链,这是中国开发区得以成功的重要原因。本文为认知中国开发区的运行逻辑提供了理论释义和微观证据。The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development.As an important policy handle and typical form of resource allocation in regional coordination,the development zone attracts factors of production,enterprises,and projects through investment attraction,becoming the carrier of industrial agglomeration space and the core engine of high-quality development,and it is one of China’s most important and successful regional development strategies.Existing studies have demonstrated that the development zones have significant policy effects in terms of productivity improvement,technological innovation,reduction of air pollution emissions,financing constraints and local debt relief,and improvement of export product quality.Existing studies attribute the success of the development zones to “policy rent” and “agglomeration rent” but do not pay enough attention to the important development strategy and operation starting point of investment promotion.By sorting out the operation and management mechanism and characteristics of the development zones,this paper summarizes the development goals and function orientation of the development zones in China using the text analysis method and theoretically analyzes the theoretical basis and logic of investment promotion in the development zones in China.Further,based on the innovation measurement of the externality of industrial agglomeration in development zones,as well as a series of unique data at the “country-city-developing zones” level obtained by manual sorting,this paper tests the realistic preferences and the basic logic of investment promotion in China’s development zones from the perspectives of industrial attributes,firm characteristics,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout through empirical analysis.It is found that,from the perspective of industrial attributes,the investment promotion of the development zones not only atta

关 键 词：开发区招商引资 基本逻辑 现实选择 集聚外部性 资源空间配置 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]