当前美国反种族主义思想运动:对制度性种族主义的探索  

Current Anti-Racist Intellectual Movement in America:A Search for Systemic Racism

作　　者：张业亮[1] Zhang Yeliang

机构地区：[1]清华大学中美关系研究中心

出　　处：《美国研究》2023年第1期9-34,5,共27页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：当前美国反种族主义斗争的一个主要方面,是知识左翼在文化教育领域开展的反种族主义思想运动。这一运动主要以“批判性种族理论”和“1619项目”为理论框架,以在公立学校和联邦政府机构开展相关教学和举办多元、公平、包容的培训为主要形式,通过揭示美国种族主义长期存在的历史、制度和思想观念上的深层原因,鼓励民众加入反种族主义斗争。在推动“反种族主义”相关理论和观念传播的同时,该运动也引发了“白人至上”论者与少数族群和民权团体之间、种族自由主义与种族保守主义之间、两党之间以及知识界围绕美国是否存在制度性种族主义,是否应在公立学校开设“1619工程”和“批判性种族理论”课程而展开的涉及政治、立法、司法和学术的激烈争议。知识左翼反种族主义思想运动的兴起是对20世纪60年代民权运动之后种族问题仍持续存在的一种理论上的反思,也是对近十多年来特别是特朗普执政后美国兴起的白人民族主义运动的一种回击。在本质上,它反映了在美国种族和族裔、人口和文化多元化进一步发展的情况下,美国人所面临的身份认同、民族认同、国家认同和历史认同的危机;同时也说明教育和思想文化领域正在成为美国种族斗争的又一个战场。One of the major aspects of the anti-racist struggle in the USA is the movement currently conducted by left intellectuals in the cultural and educational arenas,which takes critical race theory( CRT) and the “1619Project” as theoretical frameworks,teaching CRT and the “1619 Project”in public schools and holding mandatory diversity,equity and inclusion(DEI) training in federal agencies as major forms.The purpose is to encourage the American public to join in the fight against racism by exploring the historical,institutional and ideological reasons of the persistence of racialism in the United States.While promoting the spread of anti-racism related theory and concepts,the movement has also ignited profound political,legislative,juridical and historical disputes over issues such as whether there is systemic racism in the United States and if CRT and the “1619Project” should be taught in the public schools between the white supremacists and minor ethnicities and civil right groups,between racial liberalism and racial conservatism,and between the two major parties and intellectuals.The rise of the left intellectual anti-racism movement is a theoretical reflection for the continued existence of racialism in the United States after the 1960s civil rights movement and a push back against the rise of the white nationalist movement of the last decades,especially after Trump took power.The disputes fundamentally reflect the national identity crisis that Americans face,and also show that education and culture are becoming the lastest battle fields of racial struggles.

关 键 词：美国社会与文化 种族 反种族主义 1619项目 批判性种族理论 1776委员会 

分 类 号：D066[政治法律—政治学] D771.2