后殖民视野下的中美舆论宣传战(1949~1951)  

“Friend or Enemy”:The War of Media between the U.S.andt he PRC in Post-colonialism Perspective(1949-1951)

作　　者：翟韬[1] Zhai Tao

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2023年第1期138-160,8,共24页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“文化冷战视野下的美国与香港、台湾关系(1949~1979)”(项目号:20BSS062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立初期,美国对华宣传政策的方针主要围绕《美中关系白皮书》展开,主要是诉说中美友谊、离间中苏关系。美国宣传机构主要通过其在华旗舰宣传期刊《今日美国》,从中美友谊、美国不是帝国主义、反驳中华人民共和国反美宣传三个方面入手,对华展开大规模宣传攻势。《白皮书》和美方的宣传引发了中国的强烈反应,中华人民共和国掀起批判《白皮书》和反驳“中美友谊”为主轴的大型反美宣传运动。毛泽东主席系统地讲述了三个观点:美中不是友谊而是侵略关系,美国要把中国作为保护国,《白皮书》所言的中国革命性质和道路问题是无稽之谈和“唯心史观”。从后殖民视野出发,两种观念的冲突实际上是带有殖民主义色彩的“恩人家长观念”和反殖民的“革命民族主义”的交锋。美国宣传对华的“友谊”“恩德”与“保护”,在中华人民共和国看来则是强加给中国人的奴役与帝国主义。这种宣传战至今仍有现实回响。At the beginning of the foundation of the PRC,the U.S.information policy towards China was based on the White Paper,which included two points:one was publicizing the Sino-American Friendship,and the other one was making rifts between the PRC and the Soviet Union.The U.S.information institutions waged a great psychological offensive towards Chinese people mainly through the official magazine America Today,informing the Chinese people that America was not imperialist and it is only America( not the USSR and the CCP) that had a desire to help China to modernize.The offensive provoked the PRC’s antagonism and counterattacks,and the anti-American information campaign.Chairman Mao strongly criticized the White Paper and emphasized that America was imperialist,not a friend but rather an enemy to China.In a post-colonial perspective,the Sino-American psychological warfare was a conflict between American paternalism and China’s revolutionary nationalism,a confrontation between U.S.colonialism and PRC’s ideas of decolonization.The Sino-American war of media exercised a profound influence on reality.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 冷战史 中美关系史 舆论宣传战 《美中关系白皮书》 《今日美国》 后殖民主义 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] G206[政治法律—外交学]