超大城市的基本权益型居住证:制度功能与限度  

Residence Permit of Megacity with Basic Rights and Interests:Institutional functions and Limits

作　　者：谢宝富[1] 田星雨 XIE Baofu;TIAN Xingyu

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100191 [2]广州市黄埔区应急管理局,广东广州571001

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2023年第2期58-66,共9页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“北京市居住证积分落户政策研究”(16SRB009)。

摘　　要：《居住证暂行条例》确立的居住证是基本权益型居住证,具有加强流动人口属地服务管理、突破户籍藩篱、促进流动人口市民化、平衡工具理性与价值理性等重要功能,但居住证权益负载薄弱,居住证与积分落户之间赋权断裂,居住证申领门槛偏高、程序过繁等因素,抑制了其制度功能发挥。超大城市应降低居住证申领门槛,规定流动人口持居住证即可享有基础性权益和便利,但在子女教育和居住等关键服务上,应以合法稳定就业年限为主要依据,参考其他因素,建立梯度合理的有序赋权体系。拓展居住证功能,增强其通用性,使其由“一证一能”变为“一证多能”,成为流动人口的“一证通”。The residence permit established in the Interim Regulations on Residence Permit is the one with ba⁃sic rights and interests,which has important functions such as strengthening the management of territorial ser⁃vices for the floating population,breaking through the barriers of household registration,promoting the citizen⁃ship of the floating population,and balancing instrumental rationality and value rationality.However,the weak load of basic rights and interests of residence permit,the empowerment separation between residence permit and point-based household registration,the high threshold of applying for a residence permit of megacity,and complicated procedures inhibit its function.The threshold of applying for a residence permit of megacity should be lowered,and it should be stipulated that the floating population can enjoy basic rights and interests by hold⁃ing residence permits.However,in terms of key services such as children’s education and housing,legal and stable employment years should be taken as the main basis,and with reference to other factors,an ordered em⁃powerment system that is gradient and reasonable should be established.Functions of residence permit should be expanded and its universal availability should be enhanced,in order to make it from“one permit with one function only”to“one permit with multiple functions”,i.e.the“one permit pass”of the floating population.

关 键 词：超大城市 居住证 流动人口 基本权益 

分 类 号：D631.42[政治法律—政治学]