阿尼玛卿山多次冰川滑塌链式灾害过程梳理与展望  

Glacier detachment chain process in the Amney Machen Mountain

作　　者：王忠彦[1] 张太刚 王伟财[1] WANG Zhongyan;ZHANG Taigang;WANG Weicai(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100101,Beijing,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,730000,Lanzhou,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期950-962,共13页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助项目(2019QZKK0201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771088)。

摘　　要：冰川滑塌是近年来涌现的一种新形式冰川灾害.21世纪以来,青藏高原地区发生10多起冰川滑塌事件,其中高原东北部阿尼玛卿山晓玛沟冰川分别在2004、2007、2016和2019年连续发生4次.利用多序列遥感影像和现有资料的整合统计对近35年来晓玛沟冰川形态、流速特征等进行分析,厘清了4次冰川滑塌事件发生的诱因以及潜在的隐患点.结果表明,4次冰川滑塌发生前期的冰川跃动或末端前进、冰川后缘冰-岩崩、异常高温降水、易于滑动产生的基岩性质等与冰川滑塌事件的发生密切相关.观察到冰川后缘陡坡区在2000-2011年间发生4次规模较大的冰-岩崩,为多次冰川滑塌的发生提供了物质和动力基础.未来几年内再次发生冰川滑塌的可能性极大.2019年冰川滑塌发生后,晓玛沟冰川再次向前滑动;近年来,冰川后缘新发育的不稳定斜坡冰裂隙发育明显增多;斜坡冰流速的变化与下部冰川稳定性之间存在内在联系,在冰川滑塌发生的相关年份斜坡冰流速明显较快.根据对阿尼玛卿山4次冰川滑塌诱因的分析以及新隐患点的判定,提出结合遥感影像和临近气象站点资料的便易手段,加强对晓玛沟内冰川形态和运动特征等的监测,以及时关注和预测未来灾害的发生.Glacial detachment is a new type of glacial hazard that has emerged recently.Since 2000,more than a dozen glacier detachments happened in the Tibetan Plateau.The Xiaomagou glacier of Amney Machen Mountain collapsed multiple times,in 2004,2007,2016 and 2019.Multi-sequence remote sensing images were used to analyze Xiaomagou glacier morphology and flow characteristics over the past 35 years.This combined with meteorological data and prior literatures revealed triggers for glacier collapse,glacier hazard potential in the future were identified.Previous glacier surges or slides,ice-rock avalanches at back slope,high temperature and/or precipitation,and glacier bed nature are all closely related to the occurrence of glacier collapse.Four large-scale ice-rock avalanches were observed in the glacier back slope zones from 2000-2011,which provided a material and dynamic basis for glacier collapses.The possibility of another glacier collapse in the next few years is extremely high.After the 2019 glacier detachment,Xiaomagou glacier has squirmed forward again.Newly developed unstable slope at the back edge of the glacier has been found.Increased ice crevasses were identified.Changes in slope ice velocity are likely related to relevant collapses.Understanding of triggers of Amney Machen glacier collapses,determination of potential hazard slope,together suggest that glacier morphology and movement characteristics should be monitored,remote sensing should be combined with meteorological data,to predict future disasters in a timely manner.

关 键 词：冰崩 冰川滑塌 链式灾害 堰塞湖 冰川流速 阿尼玛卿山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] X43[天文地球—地球物理学]