晋商文化对碛口黑龙庙的影响研究  

Research on the Influence of Shanxi Merchant Culture on the Black Dragon Temple in Qikou

作　　者：冯瑞萌 任莅棣[1] 赵鸣[1] Feng Ruimeng;Ren Lidi;Zhao Ming

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《城市建筑》2023年第5期161-165,181,共6页Urbanism and Architecture

摘　　要：晋商发迹于明,兴盛于清,衰微于民国。黑龙庙的营建历程正如晋商的发展历程一般,起创于明,庙宇规制完善于清,随着交通发展,晋商衰落,黑龙庙也逐渐鲜为人知。本研究在历史文献查阅、实地调研的基础上,对黑龙庙的营建历史进行梳理,从庙宇的选址、布局到建筑单体的形制及细部装饰着手,探讨晋商文化对黑龙庙的影响。研究发现,黑龙庙营建与晋商文化有着密切的联系,黑龙庙在清末民初逐渐由“水神祭祀场所”转为“晋商的活动中心”,由“娱神”转为“娱商”,展现出以晋商文化为主的多元文化融合风格。探讨晋商文化对黑龙庙的影响,可为不同地域水神庙的建筑文化挖掘与历史传承提供一定参考。Shanxi merchants started in Ming Dynasty,flourished in Qing Dynasty,and declined in the Republic of China.The construction process of Black Dragon Temple is just like the development process of Shanxi merchants.It was built in Ming Dynasty firstly and the temple regulations were perfect in Qing Dynasty.With the development of the transportation,Shanxi merchants declined and the Black Dragon Temple was rarely known by the people.Through the historical documents and field investigation,the paper sorted out the construction history of the Black Dragon Temple,and then discussed the influence of the culture of Shanxi merchants on Black Dragon Temple from the site selection,layout,the form of single building and detailed decoration of the temple.It is found that the construction of the temple was closely linked to the culture of the Shanxi merchants,and that the temple was gradually transformed from a“ritual building for the gods of water”to a“Centre of activity for the Shanxi merchants”and from an“entertainment for the gods”to a“entertainment for the Shanxi merchants”in the late Qing and early Ming dynasties.It showed a multicultural fusion style dominated by Shanxi merchants’culture.Exploring the influence of Shanxi merchant culture on Black Dragon Temple can provide a reference for the excavation and historical heritage of architectural culture of the water temples in different regions.

关 键 词：碛口黑龙庙 水神庙 地域建筑 晋商文化 建筑文化 

分 类 号：TU-09[建筑科学—建筑理论]