畦灌条件下不同水肥处理对麦田水氮运移的影响  

Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil of Wheat Field under Border Irrigation

作　　者：汪顺生 武闯 柳腾飞 张昊 李志利 WANG Shunsheng;WU Chuang;LIU Tengfei;ZHANG Hao;LI Zhili(School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for the Efficient Utilization of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency of Shandong,Ji’nan 250023,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450046 [2]黄河流域水资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,郑州450046 [3]山东省农业生态与资源保护总站,济南250023

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第12期18-26,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079051);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A570004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同水肥梯度对冬小麦生育期内土壤水、氮分布的影响。【方法】在田间试验基础上利用HYDRUS-1D模型对畦灌麦田根区土壤水氮运移特性进行数值模拟。【结果】HYDRUS-1D模型可较好的模拟根区土壤水氮分布,模拟值与实测值的决定系数R2大于0.84,RMSE和MAE分别小于0.807和0.695;提高土壤水分控制下限,冬小麦生育期内灌水次数增加,灌水后1~2 d内表层土壤硝态氮量向下淋溶,导致0~20 cm土层硝态氮量明显降低并随时间推移向20~100 cm土层运移,而灌水对各土层铵态氮量无明显影响;随施氮量的增加,0~60 cm土层中硝态氮、铵态氮量有明显提升,其中0~40 cm土层中硝态氮量和0~20 cm铵态氮量较其他土层明显增加,0~40 cm土层土壤含水率随施氮量的增加而下降。【结论】HYDRUS-1D模型可以较好地模拟不同水氮处理下土壤中水氮分布情况。【Objective】Bioavailable water and nutrients to crops depend not only on root architecture but also on how water and nitrogen fertilizer are applied.In this paper,we investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on water and nitrogen dynamics in soil of a winter wheat field under border irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a wheat field in Henan province,where changes in water and nitrogen in soil under border irrigation were measured.These data were used to validate the HYDRUS-1D model,and the validated model was then used to elucidate how a change in irrigation and fertilization modulates water and nitrogen dynamics in the root zone of wheat under border irrigation.【Result】The HYDRUS-1D model simulated water and nitrogen dynamics in the root zone well.The coefficient of determination(R2)between the simulated and measured data was greater than 0.84,with its associated RMSE and MAE less than 0.807 and 0.695,respectively.Increasing the low critical soil water content for resuming irrigation moved nitrate in the top 0~20 cm soil layer to 20~100 cm soil layer 1~2 days after the irrigation,but it did not show significant effects on ammonium dynamics in the soil.Increasing nitrogen fertilization increased nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in the 0~60 cm soil layer significantly,especially in the 0~40 cm soil,but reduced water content in the 0~40 cm soil layer.【Conclusion】The HYDRUS-1D model is able to simulate water and nitrogen movement in soil under border irrigation,and the simulated results can help to improve irrigation and fertilization management for wheat production in the studied and similar areas.

关 键 词：氮素分布 土壤含水率分布 畦灌 冬小麦 HYDRUS模拟 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]