滴灌不同生育时期土壤基质势调控对春播红花生理特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Matric Potential at Different Growth Stages on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Spring Sown Carthamus Tinctorius L.under Drip Irrigation Condition

作　　者：路瑶瑶 姚素梅[1] 孟丽[1] 邬佩宏 周保英 操文强 LU Yaoyao;YAO Sumei;MENG Li;WU Peihong;ZHOU Baoying;CAO Wenqiang(School of Life Science and Technology,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第12期36-43,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项(财社[2017]183号);2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金项目(财社[2019]39号);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110180)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同生育时期土壤基质势调控对春播红花生理特性和产量的影响。【方法】以红花“百红一号”为材料,以滴头下方0.2 m处土壤基质势下限控制水平-50 kPa为对照(CK),在红花的伸长期+分枝期(A)、伸长期+分枝期+开花期(B)分别设置3个基于土壤基质势下限的灌溉水平:W1(-20 kPa)、W2(-30 kPa)和W3(-40 kPa),在开花期测定红花叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数以及红花叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛和相对电导率等生理指标,并于收获后统计花丝产量。【结果】W_(1)B、W2B处理的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和总叶绿素量均最高,其中W_(1)B处理的4项指标比CK分别提高了37.1%、60.0%、44.6%和34.1%,W2B处理比CK分别提高了39.6%、57.7%、42.8%和38.8%;W_(1)B处理的可溶性蛋白量最大,比CK提高了43.8%;W_(1)B、W2B处理的丙二醛量和相对电导率最小,W_(1)B处理的丙二醛量和相对电导率分别比CK降低了25.0%和19.0%,W2B处理比CK分别降低了20.8%和18.3%;W_(1)B、W2B处理的花丝产量最高,分别比CK提高了65.8%和57.1%。【结论】W_(1)B、W2B处理的光合特性最好,叶绿素总量最高,丙二醛量和相对电导率最低,花丝产量最高。将春播红花伸长期、分枝期和开花期的土壤基质势下限均维持在-20 kPa或-30 kPa时具有最高的增产潜力。考虑到高效用水,建议将土壤基质势下限维持在-30 kPa为宜。【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of soil matrix potential(SMP)regulation at different growth stages on the physiological characteristics and yield of spring sown Carthamus tinctorius L.【Method】Three SMP thresholds,i.e.,W1(-20 kPa),W2(-30 kPa)and W3(-40 kPa)were set at the elongation period+branching period(A),and elongation period+branching period+flowering period(B),with SMP of-50 kPa at 0.2 m soil depth below the emitter as the CK.At the flowering period,photosynthetic parameters such as the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular CO_(2) concentration of Carthamus tinctorius L.leaves were measured.At the same time,the physiological indexes such as chlorophyll,soluble protein,malondialdehyde and relative conductivity of Carthamus tinctorius L.leaves were measured.The flower yield of Carthamus tinctorius L.were counted after harvest.【Result】The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content of W_(1)B and W2B treatments reached the maximum,in which W_(1)B increased by 37.1%,60.0%,44.6%and 34.1%respectively compared with CK,and W2B increased by 39.6%,57.7%,42.8%and 38.8%respectively compared with CK;The soluble protein content of W_(1)B treatment was the largest,which was 43.8%higher than that of CK.The malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity of W_(1)B and W2B were the lowest.The malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity of W_(1)B were 25.0%and 19.0%lower than CK,and W2B was 20.8%and 18.3%lower than CK,respectively;The flower yields of W_(1)B and W2B were the highest,which were 65.8%and 57.1%higher than CK respectively.【Conclusion】W_(1)B and W2B treatments had the best photosynthetic characteristics,the highest total chlorophyll content,the lowest malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity,and the highest flower yield.Therefore,maintaining the lower limit of soil matrix potential at-20 kPa or-30 kPa at spring sown Carthamus tinctorius L.elongation period,bra

关 键 词：土壤基质势 红花 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S791.49[农业科学—林木遗传育种]