《民法典》不当得利制度的返还规则续造  

The Continuation of the Return Rules of the Unjust Enrichment System of the Civil Code

作　　者：吴国喆 Wu Guozhe

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2023年第2期177-189,共13页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(17XFX021)“事实因果关系不明侵权中的比例责任承担研究”。

摘　　要：《民法典》不当得利制度的返还规则极其抽象,亟需借助国外立法例、法的理念精神,以及我国的司法传统等因素进行续造。不当得利无法原状返还时,就必须计算其价额。获益价额是以原利益不能返还时的客观价格为准,而损失的计算则区分不同情形有不同的准据时点。在受益人高价处分、利用、加工受损人财物、标的物自然升值等可能的情形下,获益会大于损失,如果以后者为限进行返还,会过于强化损失的价值,与正义观念和一般法律价值不符,也无法借助于其他制度实现对不当获利的剥夺。因此应当根据获益与双方当事人之间的关联,特别是该利益的来源、行为人的主观恶意等因素,将获益在当事人之间合理分配,既贯彻民法自我负责和正义的基本理念,又实现对有意违法行为的必要威慑和阻却。The return rule of unjust enrichment system in Civil Code is extremely abstract, and it needs to be renewed by means of foreign legislative examples, the spirit of law and the judicial tradition of our country. When the benefit of unjust enrichment can’t be returned in its original state, its value must be determined. The profit price is based on the objective price when the original benefit cannot be returned, while the calculation of loss is based on different points in different cases. Under the beneficiary’s high price disposition, utilization, processing of the damaged person’s financial affairs, natural appreciation of the subject matter and other possible circumstances, the benefit will be greater than the loss. And in these circumstances, if the return is limited to the loss, it will be overemphasized the value of the loss, and does not tally with the concept of justice and general legal value, and the deprivation of improper profit cannot be achieved through the help of other systems. Therefore, the benefit will be allocated among the parties according to the connection that the benefit associate with the parties, especially the source of the benefit, actor’s subjective factors such as maliciousness. Doing so not only carries out the basic concepts of self-responsibility and justice in civil law, but also serves as a necessary deterrence to intentional illegal acts.

关 键 词：法的续造 不当得利 价额确定 间接获益 获益分配 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]