微酸性次氯酸对番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病的抑制作用  

Inhibition of Hypochlorous Acid on Tomato Gray Mold and Gray Leaf Spot

作　　者：余朝阁[1] 隋心意 丁勇 李颖 齐蕴荣 刘佩钰 YU Chao-ge;SUI Xin-yi;DING Yong;LI Ying;QI Yun-rong;LIU Pei-yu(College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture ofMinistry of Education,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Shenyang Yiyuan Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110179,China;Fushun Modern Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation Development Promotion Center,Fushun Liaoning 113006,China;Agricultural Bureau of Faku Count,Faku Liaoning 110400,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院/设施园艺教育部重点实验室,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳溢源生物科技有限公司,沈阳110179 [3]抚顺市现代农业与扶贫开发促进中心,辽宁抚顺113006 [4]法库县农业农村局,辽宁法库110400

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第6期658-664,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000300);沈阳市科技局黑土地专项项目(21-109-308)。

摘　　要：次氯酸是一种弱酸性强氧化剂,可以与多种生物大分子(蛋白质、核酸等)反应,破坏其结构,造成微生物的致死性伤害,因此被广泛应用于卫生、食品和物流等多个领域。在微酸性条件下次氯酸主要以HClO分子形式存在,杀菌效果较好,而HClO见光后易于分解,其终产物主要为Cl^(-)和O_(2),对环境和产品不会产生污染。为了探明微酸性次氯酸对番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病的防治效果及应用技术,比较0~100mg·L^(-1)有效氯浓度的微酸性次氯酸对番茄叶片的伤害作用,对2种病害病原物灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)和茄匍柄霉(Stemphylium solani)孢子萌发的抑制作用,以及对番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病的防治效果,筛选出既不伤害番茄叶片,又能较好地抑制病菌和防治病害的适宜次氯酸有效氯浓度;探索适宜有效氯浓度的次氯酸防治番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病的最佳施用时期和间隔时间。试验结果表明:含80mg·L^(-1)有效氯的次氯酸不仅对番茄叶片不产生伤害作用,还具有较强的抑菌和防病效果,该浓度的次氯酸防治番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病的最佳施用时期为接种后48h之内,最佳间隔时间为每2~4d施用1次。可见,在番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病发生初期,每2~4d使用1次80mg·L^(-1)有效氯浓度的微酸性次氯酸,可有效防治番茄灰霉病和灰叶斑病,且对番茄正常生长影响较小。Hypochlorous acid is a strong oxidizer with slight acidity.It can react with lots of biomacromolecules(proteins,nucleic acids and so on),resulting in destruction of biomacromolecule structure and death of microorganism.Consequently,hypochlorous acid is generally used in fields of health,food,logistics and so on.Under the condition of slightly acidity,hypochlorous acid exists in the form of HClO molecule with better sterilization effects.The HClO molecule is decomposed into Cl^(-)an O_(2)under light conditions In order to explore the control effect and application technology of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid on tomato gray mold and gray leaf spot.Damage effect on tomato leaves,inhibitory effect on the spore germination of the two disease pathogens(Botrytis cinerea and Stemphylium solani),and control effect on tomato gray mold and gray leaf spot were compared after treated with slightly acidic hypochlorous acid with 0~100mg·L^(-1)effective chlorine.Therefore,the suitable concentration of available chlorine in hypochlorous acid which did not damage tomato leaves but can inhibit pathogens and prevent diseases was screened out.Then optimum application time and interval time of hypochlorous acid with suitable available chlorine concentration to control the two diseases were explored.Hypochlorous acid containing 80mg·L^(-1)available chlorine not only had no damage to tomato leaves,but also had strong bacteriostatic and disease prevention effects.The best application period for disease prevention was 48h after infection,and the best interval was once every 2-4d.Slightly acidic hypochlorous acid with 80mg·L^(-1)available chlorine can effectively prevent tomato gray mold and gray leaf spot without damaging tomato leaves when used every 2-4d in initial stage of disease occurrence.

关 键 词：微酸性次氯酸 番茄 灰霉病 灰叶斑病 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]