条缝筛式花生果仁分级试验台的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Grading Device with Slot Screen for Peanut Kernels

作　　者：李秀杰 孙千涛[1,2] 刘龙 刘道奇 徐文 钱凯 陈凯阳 王东伟 张宠 LI Xiu-jie;SUN Qian-tao;LIU Long;LIU Dao-qi;XU Wen;QIAN Kai;CHEN Kai-yang;WANG Dong-wei;ZHANG Chong(Changyuan Branch of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changyuan Henan 453400,China;Henan Province Cultivation,Harvesting and Process-ing Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center,Zhengzhou 450008,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao AgriculturalUniversity,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China;Institute of Plant Prottction,Henan Acaderny of Agricutural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院长垣分院,河南长垣453400 [2]河南省花生耕种收加工智能设备工程研究中心,郑州450008 [3]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109 [4]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450000

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第6期701-708,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110225);河南省农业科学院“四优四化”科技支撑计划项目(SYSH2020-09-04)。

摘　　要：针对现有花生脱壳清选装置只是实现脱壳清选功能,而对脱壳后花生果仁分级研究尚显不足的现状,通过分析测定花生脱壳脱出物主要物理特性,包括花生果仁长度、直径、厚度形态尺寸及果仁和花生壳漂浮速度参数,设计了条缝筛式花生果仁分级试验台。分析研究了花生脱壳脱出物主要物理特性差异,利用其差异设计了主要由风选筛分组合式花生果仁分级试验台,结合整机设计尺寸,首先对轴流风机轮毂比及叶片外径尺寸进行理论分析研究,确定最优设计参数,其次对条缝筛格栅间隙和长度等关键设计参数进行理论分析研究,设计确定缝格栅间隙为8mm、条缝筛长度为1140mm,并对分级原理进行理论分析研究,最后利用ANSYS Workbench分析软件对条缝筛进行模态分析,得到其固有频率;选取对分级性能影响较大的风机转速、电机转速、条缝筛安装倾角为试验因素,以清洁率、损失率、饱满果仁获取率、分级效率为试验目标,开展单因素试验;根据单因素试验结果,为控制清选损失率在3%以内,确定风机转速为1550r·min^(-1)、电机转速为950r·min^(-1)、条缝筛安装倾角为10°时进行综合性能试验研究。试验结果表明:清洁率在98.9%,饱满花生果仁获取率在98.7%以上,分选效率达到240kg·h^(-1)以上。该装置因冲击产生的破损率由5.8%降低至0.8%;小、碎花生仁分捡率由75%提高至98%。分级效果较好,分级效率高,能够满足实际作业要求。In view of the situation that the existing peanut shelling device cannot grade the peanut kernel efficiently,the main physical parameters of the shelled product of peanut were analyzed and determined,which mainly include the length,diameter,thickness,shape,size and floating velocity parameters of peanut kernel and peanut shell.The differences of the main physical characteristics of the peanuts were analyzed and studied,and a peanut kernel classification test device of fan and slotted sieve was designed based on the differences.Combined with the design size of the whole machine,the hub ratio and blade diameter of the axial flow fan were analyzed theoretically to determine the optimal design parameters.The key design parameters of the slotted screen were analyzed and studied theoretically,and.the gap of the slotted screen was determined to be 8 mm and the length to be 1140mm,and the classification principle was analyzed theoretically.The modal analysis of the slotted screen was carried out using ANSYS Workbench analysis software to obtain its natural frequency.The fan speed,motor speed and slotted screen installation angle were selected as test factors,and cleaning rate,loss rate,rate of intact kernel and classification efficiency were selected as test objectives to carry out the single factor tests.According to the single factor experimental results,in order to control the cleaning loss rate within 3%,the comprehensive performance test was conducted when the fan speed was 1550r·min^(-1),the motor speed was 950r·min^(-1)and the slotted screen installation angle was 10°.The test results showed that the cleaning rate was 98.9%,the rate of intact kernel was more than 98.7%,and the grading efficiency was more than 240kg·h^(-1).The damage rate of the device due to impact decreased from 5.8%to 0.8%.The separating rate of intact kernel increased from 75%to 98%.The classification of the device can meet the actual operation requirements.

关 键 词：花生脱壳脱出物 条缝筛 分级装置 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S226.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]