酸性物质对苏打盐碱土改良的研究进展  

Progress of research on the improvement of saline-sodic soil using acidic substances

作　　者：苗月 杨帆[1] 王志春[1] 邵玺文[2] 耿艳秋[2] MIAO Yue;YANG Fan;WANG Zhichun;SHAO Xiwen;GENG Yanqiu(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第3期373-384,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010403);国家自然科学基金项目(41971066);中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020ZKHT-03);吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目(2022SYHZ0018)资助。

摘　　要：苏打盐碱土作为我国后备土地资源,具有极大利用潜力,若加以合理的开发利用,将会产生巨大收益。在苏打盐碱土改良中,化学方法是一种重要的手段,主要包括含钙制剂、有机类改良剂和酸性物质,其中含钙制剂和有机类改良剂主要通过添加外源钙置换土壤胶体吸附的交换性钠和改善土壤结构促进水分淋洗来改良苏打盐碱土。苏打盐碱土自身富含碳酸钙,以酸性物质作为化学改良剂可发生水解产生氢离子,降低盐碱土pH,有利于溶解土壤中的碳酸钙,为代换土壤中的交换性钠提供钙源,从而减少外源钙质材料添加,降低改良成本。本文通过综合分析国内外酸性物质对苏打盐碱土物理性质、盐碱性质、养分利用和作物产量等方面的研究,对酸性物质应用于苏打盐碱土改良的机理与实践进行总结,并展望其未来发展趋势,以期为苏打盐碱土治理与农业利用提供参考。As a reserve land resource in China, saline-sodic soil has great utilization potential;if properly developed and utilized, it will produce great benefits. Chemical methods are important for improving saline-sodic soils. In the early days, calcium-containing preparations, such as gypsum and phosphogypsum, were used to replace the exchangeable sodium adsorbed on soil colloids by adding exogenous calcium. However, saline-sodic soils are rich in calcium carbonate. Acid substances, as one of the chemical amendments,can be hydrolyzed to produce hydrogen ions. This reduces the pH of saline soil, which is conducive to dissolving calcium carbonate in soil and providing calcium sources for replacing exchangeable sodium in soil;thus reducing the addition of exogenous calcium materials and reducing the improvement cost. Based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign studies on the physical properties, saline properties, nutrient utilization, and crop yield of saline-sodic soil, this paper summarized the improvement mechanism and practice of the application of acid substances to saline-sodic soil, and forecasted its future development trend to provide a reference for saline-sodic soil management and agricultural utilization.

关 键 词：苏打盐碱土 酸性物质 改良机理 理化性质 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]