从仙境到人境:桃花源意象的园林转译  

From Wonderland to Human Realm:Garden Translation of Peach Blossom Garden Image

作　　者：王欣[1] 易潇蕊 WANG Xin;YI Xiaorui(Collage of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,311300)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《园林》2023年第1期87-93,共7页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

摘　　要：桃花源是陶渊明笔下的化外之境,是隐于山水之中的理想人居。桃花源意象的产生离不开早期桃文化的发展,桃花源意象的诠释也离不开神仙思想与道教哲学。结合历史图文,发现桃花源意象的发展经历了三个重要时期:初期于昆仑、度朔山中孕育出“桃木蟠屈”的仙境形态;中期以绥山为媒,奠定道教哲学中“食桃益道”的内涵;后期以天台、武陵为依托,桃花源“理想人居”的意象逐渐定型。桃花源意象的产生、发展与成型,是从仙境到人境的过程,是桃花源意象逐渐世俗化的过程。结合桃花源意象分析园林园记,也可将园林中的桃花源景观分为三种模式:神仙居所、道教洞天与武陵桃源,三者在园林景观的营造上各具特色。对桃花源意象及其园林转译的研究,不仅明晰桃花源意象在园林中的表达,更对传统文化意象的新诠释有一定的借鉴意义。Peach Blossom Garden is Tao Yuanming’s foreign realm and an ideal human settlement hidden in the mountains and rivers.The emergence of the Peach Blossom Garden image is inseparable from the development of early peach culture,and the interpretation of the Peach Blossom Garden image is also inseparable from immortal thought and Taoist philosophy.Combined with historical pictures and texts,it is found that the development of the image of Peach Blossom Garden has experienced three important periods:at the initial stage,the fairyland shape of peach trees was bred in Kunlun Mountain and Dushuo Mountain;In the middle period,Suishan Mountain was used as the medium,which laid the connotation of“eating peaches to benefit Taoism”in Taoist philosophy.Relying on Tiantai and Wuling in the later period,the image of the“ideal human settlement”in Peach Blossom Garden was gradually shaped.The emergence,development,and shaping of the image of Peach Blossom Garden is a process from fairyland to the human realm,and it is also a process of gradual secularization of the image of Peach Blossom Garden.Combined with the image of Peach Blossom Garden,the landscape of Peach Blossom Garden can be divided into three modes:immortal residence,Taoist cave,and Wuling Taoyuan,all of which have their own characteristics in the creation of landscape.The study on the image of the Peach Blossom Garden and its translation in gardens not only clarifies the expression of the image of the Peach Blossom Garden in gardens but also has certain reference significance for the new interpretation of traditional cultural images.

关 键 词：风景园林 桃花源 意象诠释 园林表达 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]