西周早期周原凤雏甲组遗存庭院景观要素探析  

Analysis on Landscape Elements of Courtyard Building A of Fengchu in Zhouyuan Site in the Early Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：陈剑 牛立新 宋江宁[2] 王凯 张延龙 CHEN Jian;NIU Lixin;SONG Jiangning;WANG Kai;ZHANG Yanlong(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi,China,712100;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China,710054)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,杨凌712100 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,西安710054

出　　处：《园林》2023年第1期101-110,共10页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题“菊花、牡丹、梅花功能性品种优质高效配套栽培技术”(编号:2019YFD1001505)。

摘　　要：庭院景观是中国园林的一种重要形式。西周早期的庭院中就已初步具备一些景观要素。以周原遗址凤雏甲组庭院遗存为对象,通过实地考察,综合考古学、历史学、建筑学、气候学和地质学的研究,在重建西周早期周原地区气候与地理环境的基础上,从风景园林学视角对该庭院的功能、空间布局、院落交通组织、建筑小品、庭院排水系统、动植物种类等景观要素进行分析。研究表明,西周早期的庭院景观是对殷商的继承与发展;在目前已发掘的先周时期遗存中,甲组庭院已达到同时期的较高水平。有关庭院景观的营造方法、布局方式和技术工艺,至今仍然有着深刻的影响,充分表明中华园林文化的历史悠久与一脉相承的特点,这是了解中华园林文化历史发展的重要窗口。Since ancient times,the courtyard landscape has been an important form of Chinese landscape architecture.According to the research,some landscape elements already existed in the courtyard as far back as the early Western Zhou Dynasty.Based on the reconstruction of the climatic and geographic conditions of the Zhouyuan site in the early Western Zhou Dynasty,this paper takes the Courtyard Building A of Fengchu as the object,and through on-the-spot investigation and comprehensive research methods of archaeology,architecture,climatology,and the geology,not only analyzes the landscape elements such as courtyard functions,space layout,accessibility,garden architecture,drainage arrangement,plant and animal varieties from the perspective of landscape architecture but also finds that the courtyard landscape in the early Western Zhou Dynasty was an inheritance and development of the Shang Dynasty.The Courtyard Building A of Fengchu has reached a high level of the same period among the excavated remains of the early Western Zhou Dynasty.The methods,layouts,and techniques of creating courtyard landscapes still have a profound impact today and fully demonstrate the long history and continuity of Chinese landscape culture,which is an important way to understand the historical development of Chinese landscape culture.

关 键 词：庭院景观 凤雏甲组庭院遗存 周原遗址 西周早期 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]