秦雍城军事城防演变的考古学观察  

An archaeological observation of the evolution of military and city defense at the Qin’s Yongcheng City

作　　者：胡岩涛 田亚岐 Hu Yantao;Tian Yaqi

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东青岛266100 [2]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《文博》2023年第1期57-65,共9页

基　　金：国家社科重点项目“秦都雍城考古调查、发掘与专题研究”(项目编号:16AKG004);国家社科重大项目“军事考古学”(项目编号:13ZD102);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目“秦汉时期的海洋观研究”(项目编号:202113020)研究成果。

摘　　要：秦雍城的军事地理环境符合特定时期秦国择都的首选要求。秦雍城军事城防格局从初期以防范戎人为主要目的的“城堑河濒”,到中期出现“回”字形双重壕堑,再至晚期修建城垣设施,形成护城河、城垣、壕沟在内的多重防御,标志着完备的城防体系最终确立。这一方面反映了秦国能够及时顺应时局之变,是秦人对都城安全环境的主动和更高要求;另一方面也反映了秦雍城由纯粹的军事城邑朝向设施完备、功能齐全、层次分明的“大都市”趋势发展。秦雍城军事城防每一阶段的演变都与秦国军事国防密切相关,同时也为秦人从早期以血缘关系为纽带的聚落结构过渡到以地缘政治为格局的多元性社会架构带来契机,对其后秦国变法革新意义不容忽视。Based The military geography of the Qin's Yongcheng City met the specific requirements of Qin state's capital during a certain period.Layout of the military defense system of the Qin's Yongcheng City evolved from the early"moats and rivers"mainly for preventing the Rong people,to the middle period of a"double moat"in the shape of the Chinese character"回",and finally to the late period of building a complete city wall system with multiple defenses including moats,city walls,and ditches.This marked the establishment of a complete city defense system.On the one hand,it reflects that the Qin State could timely adapt to changes of the time,which is the active response and higher demand of the Qin people for the safety environment of the capital city.On the other hand,it also reflects the great trend of urban development of the Qin's Yongcheng City from a purely military city towards a well-equipped,fully functional,and hierarchical"metropolis."The evolution of military defense in the Qin's Yongcheng City at each stage is closely related to Qin state's military defense.At the same time,it also provided an opportunity for the Qin people to transition from a settlement structure based on blood relations to a diversified social structure based on geopolitical patterns,and its significance for the subsequent reforms and innovations in the Qin State cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：秦雍城 军事城防 城堑河濒 “回”字形壕堑 外城城垣 

分 类 号：K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] E291[历史地理—历史学]